Time Lags in Fiscal Policy Essays

Delays in Fiscal Policy Essays Delays in Fiscal Policy Paper Delays in Fiscal Policy Paper Financial strategy is the change in expenses and spending that influence the degree of GDP (O’Sullivan, p. 212, 2008). At the point when financial approaches are established, the objective is to see the economy develop to solid levels. Different explanations behind monetary approaches could incorporate balancing out the economy. These approaches should enable the economy to run at its maximum capacity. Congress and the President should be continually attempting to keep up a solid economy. There are times in any case, that an inadequately coordinated move could hurt and destabilize the economy. The issue with attempting to actualize approaches that will move the economy to its most elevated potential yield is that there can be delays. Attempting to gauge the economy resembles attempting to estimate the climate. At the point when strategy creators commit errors, they make world renowned downpour at our outing. At the point when the economy begins to back off, government authorities attempt to get the economy to run at its maximum capacity once more. The issue with this is here and there, the economy can address itself without strategies being built up. There are normally deferrals, or slacks in the approaches being executed. Much the same as should be expected, customary individuals, there are times that strategy creators are delayed to understand that there is issue that requirements amending. At the point when they at long last understand that there is an issue nearby, it might take the approach creators effort to respond. Two kinds of slacks can cause issues inside slacks and outside slacks. Inside slacks include the time it takes to detail an arrangement while outside slacks include the time it takes for the approach to really work (O’Sullivan, p. 214, 2008). The most serious issue with within slack is the time it takes policymakers to perceive moves in monetary markers. Policymakers attempt to depend on their determining aptitudes. In some cases their estimating is right, while different occasions, they are incorrect. This can cause large inconsistencies in the economy. Another issue is the time it takes for strategy producers to understand that there is an issue and afterward fix the current issue. With outside slacks, strategies, for example, tax reductions set aside effort to really work. Outside slacks are typically short, yet in the event that they are planned inaccurately, the economy could really become destabilized. The most noticeably awful issue with slacks is that financial analysts are assuming the job of the meteorologist in anticipating what will befall the economy. It is difficult for them to know whether a financial log jam is simply impermanent or in the event that it will be a long downturn. For instance, if financial analysts foresee that the economy will be working over its latent capacity, and the administration executes an approach to get the economy to its maximum capacity, however not over it, and afterward the economy gets frail before the arrangement happens, the whole economy could become destabilized. Strategy creators must comprehend this chance and put forth a valiant effort to limit mistakes. Reference OSullivan, Shefferin, Perez. (2008). Financial aspects: Principles, Applications, and Tools. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Heteronormativity Kritik free essay sample

This section is about sex, yet not the sex that individuals as of now have clearness about. Space as a human, political area is composed around sex, yet a sex that is implicitly found, and once in a while spoken, in authentic talk. The poliâ ­ tics of space investigation, militarization and commercialization as they are imagined and polished in the US, typify a qualification among open and private (and fitting practices, implications and personalities in that) exceptionally reliant upon heteronormative chains of command of property and legitimacy. The focal point of this section is to show how US space talk, a magnificent talk of mechanical, military and business prevalence, configutes and endorses achievement and effective conduct in the legislative issues of space in especially gendered structures. US space talk is, I contend, predicated on a heteronormative talk of triumph that replicates the strength of hetero masculinity(ies), and which progressively arranges the development of other (subordinate) sex characters. We will compose a custom paper test on Heteronormativity Kritik or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Perusing the legislative issues of space as heteronormative proposes that the talks through which space exists comprise of foundations, structures of understanding, down to earth directions and administrative practices sorted out and special around heterosexuality. As an especially prevailing verbose game plan of space legislative issues, US space talk (re)produces significance through gendered presumptions of investigation, colonization, monetary undertaking and military victory that are profoundly gendered while introduced as all inclusive and unbiased. US space talk, which overwhelms the contemporary worldwide legislative issues of space, is therefore framed from and upon foundations, structures of comprehension, and down to earth directions that benefit and standardize heterosexualiry as widespread. Accordingly, the authoritative verbose legitimizations of room investigation and triumph ,re)produce both heterosexuality as plain (that is, altogether normalâ ­ ized) and the hetero goals that comprise appropriate space-capable individuals, practices and practices. As the prologue to this volume features, the investigation and usage of space can hitherto be held up as a reflection of, as opposed to a test to, existent, presently bound, political examples, practices and driving forces. The additional opportunities for human advancement that the application and improvement of room innovations challenges us to make are grounded uniquely in the strategyâ ­ fixated (be it financially, militarily or something else) real factors of contemporary worldwide governmental issues. Space is a calculated, political and material space, a spot for impacts and intrigues (truly and figuratively) between objects, thoughts, personalities and talks. Space, similar to worldwide relations, is a worldwide space in every case socially and privately inserted. There is nothing out there about space. It exists as a result of us, not regardless of us, and it is this that implies that it just bodes well in social terms, that is, according to our own developments of character and social area. In this section, space is the risky to which I apply a sexual orientation examination; a field wherein past, current and future arrangement making is installed comparable to specific exhibitions of intensity and reconfigurations of character that are consistently, and not unexpectedly, gendered. Successful and fitting conduct in the governmental issues of ourer space is designed and endorsed in especially gendered structures, with heteronormative sexual orientation guidelines investing external spaces chains of command of innovatively predominant, conquesting execution with theif ordinary force. It is through sex that US techno-vital and astro-political talk has had the option to (re)produce space as a heterosexualized, masculinized domain. Heteronormativity K 1NC 2. The drive to colonize space blocks eccentric personalities and concretizes sexual contrast. This fortifies heterosexism and transforms ladies into items. Casper and Moore 95 (Monica J. , Ph. D in humanism from the University of California, San Francisco, women's activist researcher and scientist on conceptive equity. Lisa Jean, Ph. D in human science from the University

Getting Ready to Apply - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Getting Ready to Apply - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Getting Ready to Apply The 2017 Freshman application will open up on September 1, so here are a few things to help prepare for this process. Always take care of things well before a deadline.A student who applies and submits all documents well before a deadline shows that they are the type of person who does not wait until the last moment to do things, from applying to studying to going to class. If X university is number one on your list of colleges, act like it. We do not make different decisions based on this, but it helps everyone involved. Be prepared when you sit down to start the application. Before you start your application, make sure you have the following items on hand; your correct Social Security Number (SSN), a copy of your transcript which shows grades from 9th through 11th grade, a copy of your resume, your SAT/ACT/AP scores (for entering in the score area, but if you have sent them to UGA already, they will show up on the app), and your counselors contact information including email. As well, have your payment information handy (either a credit card number or a digital copy of a fee waiver). Our new application system has you enter in your counselors contact info and email when you apply, so make sure to have it handy. Proofread your application before you submit it.I am not just talking about proofreading your essays, but instead checking your whole application to make sure you are giving us the information you want us to see. We receive hundreds of emails right after a student applies to UGA asking for us to add X to their file where they forgot something, correct Y where they made a mistake, etc. After you complete your application, go over it one more time to make sure your birth date is right, all the clubs/activities that you want us to know about are listed, and your information looks correct. We even have one section that just lists the 8-10 most important items with your responses, and we ask you to make sure these are accurate before you hit submit. Be kind to your counselors and teachers.Make sure to give your HS counselor and any teacher who will be writing recommendations for you time to do their part. Dont rush in the day before the deadline to ask them for help, but instead give them 2 or more weeks if possible. Dont listen to rumors/myths about college admissions.I have been over this many times, so I wont beat a dead horse. All I can say is that I have had three surgeries in my life, but going through the experience does not make me a doctor, just a good patient. Map out your college application plan.If you are like most students, you will apply to 3-5 colleges. If this is the case, you will have to track the deadlines, materials timelines and actions needed for all of these colleges. Get a calendar (electronic or paper) just for admissions timelines, and enter in the deadline dates, scholarship dates, campus programs, deposit dates, etc. for all these colleges. This is the best way to keep this process organized and to not miss out on something. The worst calls we handle are when a student did not do X by a certain deadline and we cant do anything for them except say sorry. Let your parents be involved in the admissions process, but only so much.It is okay to allow your parents to be a part of the college admissions process, but make sure that you are the one who completes the application, writes the essays, etc. Your parents can be great at helping you keep track of deadlines, make plans for visiting colleges, and giving you suggestions about your application. In the end, though, make sure you are the one driving/managing this process, as you are the one who will be at college next year. I hope this helps, and Go Dawgs!

The Issue Of Gun Control - 1271 Words

Gun Control is a form of restriction of firearm and firearm related products away from the people in the form of legislation. Many think that gun control is an honorable cause because they think keeping people away from guns will reduce the amount of deaths instantly and over a period of time. Also whenever people hear the word gun, heads instantly race towards negativity and violence. Many people believe think gun control is wrong and that it is not necessary, since many know that guns were not involved in a decent amount of the deaths caused each year. Also that it is not the gun to blame but the person using it as a tool to inflict evil upon others. While many other people disagree and think it is good because of the safety for others.†¦show more content†¦However, when a politically charged group presents rational arguments against capital punishment or demonstrate multiple instances where government has mistakenly executed innocents, such reasoning is often no match for society’s call for blood. The same is true of gun-control advocates. As columnist Thomas Sowell has noted: â€Å"The key fallacy of so-called gun-control laws is that such laws do not in fact control guns. They simply disarm law-abiding citizens, while people bent on violence find firearms readily available. If gun-control zealots had any respect for facts, they would have discovered this long ago (Sowell).† If a government were to remove guns from a household, one can t commit suicide or accidentally shoot themselves and so on. Now the conclusions that most will draw are, great, problem solved, but in reality, it s not that easy. Removing gun deaths doesn t answer the criminology question of did we reduce overall homicides and how did we impact other crimes such as burglary, arson, etc. You may curb one crime to cause more. You only hurt the law abiding citizens who wish no harm on anyone unless they’re life is threatened. Great example for a similar subject. We ban drinking to get rid of all the evils associated with alcohol, which we did, from 1920 to 1933. It actually did decrease the overall rates of alcoholism, but violent crimes wentShow MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussions, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for how American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on other people to get his or her hands on a gun.† (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason wh y this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tragedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ guns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigg er a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In today’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in the news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment th at provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

Fast Food Is Getting Better By The Year Essay - 1113 Words

Fast food is getting better by the year. You can see how restaurants now have calorie information on the menu. McDonald s is a good example of this, they have been reducing the intake from their products. Michael Pollan claims that processed foods are the main reason why we are being exposed to heart decease, diabetes, and cancer. Theoretically, he could be right. David Zinczenko, Mary Maxfield, and David H. Freedman are the authors that I chose to show their points on why I disagree with Pollan’s theory. David Zinczenko says that there are more ways to prevent obesity. Mary Maxfield says that we should trust ourselves and meet our needs. David H. Freedman says that Pollinites, Pollan’s followers, are confused, yet they should not be because Pollan should be able to provide them with information on what to eat, yet he can t. Pollan tells us that we should simply avoid fast food but he lacks information that is concrete on his theory. To begin with, Pollan claims that we should simply avoid processed food because this will help reduce the obesity status. This is true to an extent, but he does not inform us with other ways to help us fight against obesity. Not everyone can just buy organic food because organic food tends to be a bit more pricey. Pollan does not take in different perspectives like low income families compared to high income families. Enter David Zinczenko, a young boy who came from a broken family. Zinczenko’s mom was to busy paying the monthly bills and hisShow MoreRelatedA Debate Between Organic Foods And Non Organic Food1689 Words   |  7 PagesOver the last few years, there are many things have changed such as, technology, agriculture and many more things. Technology is getting better and better day by day for humans need and survivenment, but one thing is that human will never be able survive without food. Food comes from farms and animals. There are many ways for farming like organic farming, conventional farming, comm ercial farming, multi-crop farming, factory farming and many more other technique of it. Farming has a significant roleRead MoreFast Food And Its Effects On America1546 Words   |  7 Pages Fast Food in America We don t walk. We overeat because we ve made it easy to overeat. We have fast-food joints on every corner. By the way, the we is all of us. It s not the government. It s all of us doing this together.†(Mehmet Oz). Fast food has been affecting Americans lives since the 1919’s and 1920’s where the first fast food restaurant originated. They were called AW in 1919 and White Castle in 1921. More than 3 million cases of obesity in America happen a year. Over timeRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity917 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity, along with childhood obesity, has become an even bigger issue in the past thirty years and will continue to be a problem until it is better addressed. According to Sarah Muntel, 33.8 percent of the U.S population is affected by obesity (1). That is about one third of America’s citizens, meaning that approximately one third of Americans are suffering or will suffer major health problems aside from being obese. Amaya Mandel stated , â€Å"obesity is linked to several long term health conditionsRead MoreAmericans Attitude Towards Food1399 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans attitudes towards food could be said that it varies towards different groups such as: race, age, lifestyles, etc. one thing could be said that at a point they all eat fast food for different reasons. Even though some might eat more than others fast food has became a part of the American culture. As it was mentioned in ‘Super Size Me’, in the American culture, Americans like everything big. â€Å"We have the biggest cars, biggest houses, biggest companies and now the biggest people†, seems thatRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesMany people assume that the blame for unhealthy lifestyles of Americans should be justly placed on the numerous fast food restaurants located throughout America (Ch.1, pg. 24). David Zinczenko is one of these people. In his paper titled Don’t Blame the Eater, he argu es that because these restaurants are on every corner, and because they do not blatantly offer nutritional menus, that fast food eateries are at fault. Zinczenko contradicts himself; on the one hand, he argues â€Å"whatever happened to personalRead MoreBenefits Of Eating At A Restaurant851 Words   |  4 Pagesout and wasting cash on fast food all the time. The advantages of dining in are that people can save money, it can be healthier, and there is more family bonding time. One of the most important reasons to stay home and prepare one’s own meal is that money is being saved. Buying all the ingredients to assemble  ¬the lunch or dinner is not that expensive. It is affordable if the shopping is done wisely. Chiara, a marketing and events consultant said that eating homemade food is a lot cheaper than eatingRead MoreCauses of Obesity in America Essay examples922 Words   |  4 Pagessudden rise in obesity, and what we can do to fix it. Education of risks and solutions can be very helpful. Obesity is killing so many people, yet is still 100 percent avoidable. Our country is beginning to care less and really let themselves go. The fast food industry, supermarkets, and schools are the ones at fault for the spreading problem of obesity. To start exercising this issue we need to see what available options there are to turn this around. We have to start at the source and identify what weRead MoreObesity : Questions And Answers On Health Care Stakeholders1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe incidence of obesity among the residents would impact health care providers, insurance companies and fast food restaurants. Enacting a policy to address obesity would directly impact health care providers. Health care providers would discuss with patients that are obese and how they could lose weight. This means that health care providers will be getting more patients which equals to getting more money. An individual that is obese will be at risk for many health conditions. That individual willRead MoreBrand Analysis of Five Guys Burgers and Fries1414 Words   |  6 Pagesemerged as a brand that is renowned for its ability not to be considered as a fast food chain since customers are getting quality food at any time and in any location. In addition to advocating for quality control, Five Guys Burgers and Fries toast their buns on a grill. The food joint is committed to production of quality foods through fresh ingredients, simple menus, never-frozen meat, and classic flavors in its entire food production process. As a result of its commitment to these values, Five GuysRead MoreChildhood Obesity in America Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesrefrigerator to get food it should classify as obese. Most cases of obesity don’t start later, in life there are some cases, but it is usually from young age. The parents of these kids should be punished for making their kids become like this. Thousands of young children know who the spokes person for the fast-food chains are but can’t answer simple questions about famous people. Child obesity in America is getting worse before it will become better because of the lack of healthy food, lack of proper

Meyerland Plaza †Real Estate Finance Free Essays

This paper will take Chip Douglas and Steve Clark into a big decision on how to recommend to HMC the redevelopment of Meyerland Plaza. Because of the existing problem that took place 1980’s by the lending who take advantage the practice of lending and savings loan institutions the SL who owns one parcel of the Meyerland Plaza lot. The WC who called Chip and Steve was confident that they could leverage their leasing and development experience into larger-scale transactions. We will write a custom essay sample on Meyerland Plaza – Real Estate Finance or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were willing to make a significant co-investment of their own capital into the Meyerland redevelopment a deal that they had been working on for the past three years. Persuading the MHC to Invest in the Redevelopment of Meyerland Plaza Meyer land Plaza’s location is situated from on a 59-acre site fronting the West loop of Interstate 610 in fully developed southwest Houston. Meyerland Plaza is three miles from Houston’s Galleria area and the Texas Medical Center. The site was bordered on the North by a   small strip shopping center, on the south and west by west existing residential development, an on the East by the West Loop 610 freeway. The place has 365,000 people (166,000 households) with income of $48,000 by 1999 will increase to 422,000. Beside the population was increasing yearly and the demand also increase. With this situation the HMC would not hesitate to invest to Meyerland Plaza as one of the promising company in the future. Risk that the HMC consider in Investing to Meyerland Plaza It involves big Investment of about $19.5 million in equity and $35.2 million in construction debt. Most developer were wary of the exposure of closing a floating-rate construction and planning permanent, fixed-rate financing at a future undefined rate. Another factor to consider was the relative volatility of returns to retails development deals versus office or industrial deals. Mitigation that can be Foresee on the above Issue The proposed redevelopment will offer the unique combination of the economics of the power center at the size of a typical regional mall. The project generate a highly predict table cash flow given the credit quality of the tenants. The proposed redevelopment will offer the unique combination of the economics of the power center at the size of a typical regional mall. Anticipated returns are 18% to 24% base4d on a five year holding period. Conclusion Chip and Steve had made a good decision in recommending to HMC because it is a good site and the populations in these areas are increasing yearly. According to the survey the community living in that area need a convenient shopping that Myer land Plaza can offer. The location is good that located within a densely-populated, stable trade area accentuated by significant purchasing power. Beside most power centers are on the fringe of markets demographic visibility and access from Loop-610 North south. There is no doubt that investment of HMC will surely return in shorter period of year. In general, based on the above mitigation, if I were Chip and Steve, I also recommend to HMC in investing the redevelopment of Meyer land Plaza. Reference Meyerland Plaza. 2006. October 9, 2006 How to cite Meyerland Plaza – Real Estate Finance, Essay examples

TAROM Romanian Air Transport

Question: Discuss about theTAROM Romanian Air Transport. Answer: Process for Online Booking Summary Specifications There are seven steps involved in the booking of the TAROM airline ticket. The first step includes the selection of the various attributes such as departure date, departure and arrival destinations which may be single or multiple, return date, type of trip, mode of payment, number of passengers, flight type and service class. Once these selections are made, next step includes the selection of flight and pricing method with an option to check the price. The matching details are then retrieved and displayed followed by the requirement to fill in the traveler details which include demographic and contact details. There is an option to select the seats as well followed by final purchase of the tickets. The tickets can be purchases instantly or within a period of 48 hours (in case of cash payments) and the reservation is required to be confirmed through the email sent on the registered email id. In case of instant payment, mode of payment is required to be selected such as debit card or c redit card and the details are required to be filled out. Once the booking is completed, a unique reservation number is generated to manage and modify the bookings later. The process exists to allow the users to book their flight tickets from any location and at any point of time. There are various options that are provided to the users in terms of their mode of payment, time of payment, choice of seats, choice of flight type and likewise. The automated process has been incorporated to ensure that the users can avail the services offered by TAROM with complete ease and avoid the repercussions of long queues at the ticket counters. The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) of the entire process depicts the entire online booking process in the form of a map which is similar to the flowchart. BPMN map represents the various paths that can be followed to achieve the final goal that is the booking of an airline ticket [1]. For instance, there may be one user who may want to book a flight ticket in the economy class with mode of payment as debit card. On the other hand, there may be user who may want to book a return ticket through credit card. The BPMN map shows the various options and paths that are available for the users as per their preferences. Also, it brings out the usability of the entire process to ensure that maximum customer satisfaction is attained through the same [2]. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) There are a number of KPIs that shall provide a clear picture of effectiveness of the entire process to achieve the business objectives. Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Quarterly, Monthly and Annual Bookings: The number of bookings that are done by the users through the online booking system will provide a picture of the ability to achieve the business objectives of the booking process. The primary objective of the online booking system would be to ensure that there is maximum number of sales that is maximum number of bookings done through the entire process; therefore a higher number will reflect better results. The same can be easily calculated with the automated online booking process that will reflect the orders completed at the required interval of time. There can also be partial and complete orders that can be retrieved from the system [3]. Site Traffic: There may be users who may not book the tickets online but check the flight frequency or price through the system. The higher the site traffic, the better will be the results in terms of the business objectives. The site traffic will be an essential KPI and can be calculated through a number of automated website analysis tools. These tools will also provide customized and automated reports on the type of site traffic and frequency of the same [4]. New Customer Order versus returning customers: There will be two types of customers on the site viz. new customers and returning customers. Every customer will be identified by a unique email id and the same shall be used to identify the number of new and returning customers over a period of time. This KPI will provide the picture on the customer engagement and popularity of the site in the market which are the two prime business objectives. The same can be calculated easily through the sales data of the automated online booking system. IT Based Process The example of online booking of airline tickets is an IT based process as it involved the use of Information Technology and Information Systems in the entire process and sub-processes that are associated with the same. There is an automated system that has been deployed that includes the automated code for various activities that are involved in the booking of an online ticket. For instance, the system sends an automated email to the registered email id of the customer as soon as the purchase is made. Also, the system retrieves the customer details in case of a returning customer and provides an option to modify the bookings through a unique reservation number [5]. Automated sub-processes like these have been deployed and implemented in the booking system which makes the entire process as an example of an IT based process. There is a front end and a back end that is present in the system wherein the front end of the system provides a graphical interface to the users to perform vario us activities involved in the booking of the ticket. On the other hand, the back end of the system is a database in which the entire information is stored and can be retrieved as and when required by the system. The presence of the front end and back end along with various interfaces to integrate them results in the overall functioning of the system. It is with the use of IT tools and equipment that automated system has been designed, developed and deployed to allow the users to make use of the same [6]. References Kazemzadeh Y, Milton S, Johnson L. Process Chain Network (PCN) and Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN): A Comparison of Concepts. 2015.https://www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/jms/article/view/6494 (accessed 3 Mar 2017). Russo V. A Business Process Model for Integrated Home Care. 2015.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915024825 (accessed 3 Mar 2017). MUNTEAN M, TARNAVEANU D, ION A. E-Commerce Performance. Shopping Cart Key Performance Indicators. Informatica Economica 2016;20:62-71. doi:10.12948/issn14531305/20.1.2016.06 Tsai YCheng Y. Analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) for E-commerce and Internet marketing of elderly products: A review. 2012.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167494311001464 (accessed 3 Mar 2017). Bermdez G, Rojas L, Bustelo C et al. Model Innovation of Process Based on the Standard e-commerce International GS1. Ijimai.org. 2012.https://www.ijimai.org/journal/node/372 (accessed 3 Mar 2017). Aldin N. Business development with electronic commerce: refinement and repositioning: Business Process Management Journal: Vol 10, No 1. Emeraldinsight.com. 2017.https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/14637150410518329 (accessed 3 Mar 2017).

Art Is Indefinable Essay Example

Art Is Indefinable Essay Example Art Is Indefinable Essay Art Is Indefinable Essay Art is indefinable because of its constant evolution. This evolution has taken place because art inherently has an aspect of human contribution and, therefore, is subject to progression in ways as numerous as its very creators changes. There are two main reasons that illustrate the fact that art is indefinable. These reasons are that art has a changing role in society, and that the various production methods of art endlessly transform. The first of the reasons is crucial because it shows that art, as a result of the human artist, will necessarily change when its human maker changes.This is what allows for art to have a specific time setting in which it will have a particular meaning and importance. Thus, because of the infusion of an artist into their art, the piece will in some degree convey a glimpse of a changing social environment. This environment may never be relevant again after that specific point in time, indirectly illustrating history and change. The second reason for illustration again focuses on how the involvement of procedural evolution does not allow for the permanent defining of art, in this case in regards to the applied art production methods.Most recently computers have revolutionized some forms of art. It has also created a new movement through the application of technology in new and unique ways to the creation process. If art had been permanently defined prior to this new use of computers it would have stifled what has become a new and exciting branch of art, and as a consequence could have limited future productions from unimagined advancements. An inflexible and permanent definition of art as a result of the aforementioned reasons is detrimental to the progression of art that is crucial to its very continuance. And as a result of this constant evolution art is indefinable.

14 Quotes for a Funny Wedding Toast

14 Quotes for a Funny Wedding Toast If youve been asked to give a wedding toast, chances are youre taking your  role seriously. Perhaps too seriously! Often, the best wedding toasts start with a joke, even if they wind up with a sincere wish for the couples future happiness. Why Give a Funny Wedding Toast? Weddings  bring up complicated emotions. For the bride and groom, theres joy along with (in many cases) tremendous anxiety. Sometimes the anxiety is related to the very idea of a permanent commitment; other times its related to aspects of the wedding itself. Will the caterer show up? Will my divorced parents  get into a fight? Will Aunt Jane get drunk and fall into the wedding cake? Similarly, complex emotions come up for parents who are both thrilled and saddened as their child steps into a new role and a new stage of life. Siblings may be delighted, jealous, or even angry about some aspect of the wedding. Best friends may feel left behind. Humor is almost always the best way to break the ice, lower anxiety, and just have fun at a wedding. If youve been asked to give a  wedding toast, chances are you have a close relationship with either the bride, the groom, or both. That means you know which kinds of humor are likely to get a big laugh, and which wont. Funny Wedding Quotes to Choose From Not all of these famous quotes will be right for you, but youll almost certainly find one or two that connect with your particular wedding party! Henny YoungmanThe secret of a happy marriage remains a secret. John MiltonBiochemically, love is just like eating large amounts of chocolate. Henry KissingerNobody will ever win the battle of the sexes. There€s too much fraternizing with the enemy. Cathy CarlyleLove is an electric blanket with somebody else in control of the switch.​ SocratesBy all means, marry; if you get a good wife, youll be happy. If you get a bad one, youll become a philosopher. Rita RudnerI love being married. Its so great to find that one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your life. Mickey RooneyAlways get married early in the morning. That way, if it doesnt work out, you havent wasted a whole day. Henny YoungmanI take my wife everywhere I go. She always finds her way back. Ralph Waldo EmersonA mans wife has more power over him than the state has. Honore de BalzacThe majority of husbands remind me of an orangutan trying to play the violin. Anne Bancroft The best way to get most husbands to do something is to suggest that perhaps theyre too old to do it. Erma Bombeck Marriage has no guarantees. If thats what youre looking for, go live with a car battery! Anonymous A good marriage is one where each partner secretly suspects they got the better deal. Winston  Churchill My most brilliant achievement was my ability to persuade my wife to marry me.

Racism and Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racism and Discrimination - Essay Example When they come to the realization that they had been suppressed and oppressed, and their own individual human rights and those of the race are very adversely affected and endangered, they feel isolated from the society. As a result they long for a cultural identity for the blacks in America. Thus many Afro-American writers have tried to instill black racial pride in the minds of regress. The Harlem Renaissance and the civil rights movement of the 1950s played major roles in this change of outlook. Langston Hughes strongly believed that the educated black elite should lead blacks to liberation. Most of his poems exhort the readers to be proved of one’s black identity and raise one’s voice against any sort of injustice: â€Å"In poem ‘Theme for English B,’ by Langston Hughes, Hughes talks about the African American struggle of equality. This is a common subject for Hughes. In many of his poems, he speaks about blacks and the injustice that they face.† (Theme for English B; Hunnie 522-2006. Planet Papers). Hughes stressed the importance of a racial consciousness and cultural rationalism and encouraged blacks to take pride in their own diverse black folk culture and black aesthetics. The poem â€Å"The Theme for English B,† expresses Hughes’ experience as the only African American in an all white composition class in the 1920s. His English instruction asks him to write a poem and remarks â€Å"And let that page come out of you†¦ Then, it will be true.† This makes the poet to think of his black ideality and he expresses the blacks’ desire to eat, sleep and be in love just like the white man. He is afraid that because he is black, his writings would be discarded as mere blackish babblings: â€Å"I guess being colored doesn’t make me NOT like the same things other folks like who are other races. So will my page be colored that I write?† (Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Themes for English

Social issues in canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social issues in canada - Essay Example As the nation has a lot of Catholic individuals, any kind of abortion was not tolerated. From 1969, abortion was permitted in the event when the life of a mother is said to be at risk. Illegal abortions were still done and in 1988, Dr. Henry Morgentaler, an abortionist was faced with abortion charges. Finally, the court ruled that the present abortion regulations in Canada epitomized an unconstitutional burden on women rights. This made the law to be upended (McCullough, 2014). Even though the Canadian Supreme Court allowed for other limits on abortion, the government of Canada has never approved any of the limits. Women in Canada are at liberty to abort and it is seen to be a degree of laxity that has not been seen in any part of the western world. The Canadian health care system is seen to be functioning properly and liked by most individuals for the services they provide. Since 1960s, the Canadian government started a slow process of removing out the profit making health clinics, hospitals and insurance. They were later replaced with universal, new and health care system funded by the government. Currently, every individual in Canada is offered comprehensive health insurance without requesting. This is done by the use of public health coverage plans that different provincial governments run (McCullough, 2014). It means that every Canadian individual does not need to pay for his/her medical bills or depend on their employers for any health insurance. A small amount on monthly premiums is charged by the government while it steps in to clear the majority of the bill for operations, check-ups and exams. It is not easy to maintain a health care system. Currently, many Canadian individuals need to purchase supplementary private health insurance required in paying for eye examinations, operations termed as non-essential by the government and dentist examinations. Likewise, hospitals in Canada mostly have a lot of patients because they are accessed easily. This

Collective Programming Of The Mind Cultural Studies Essay

Collective Programming Of The Mind Cultural Studies Essay Many researchers have provided different frameworks to describe the elements of culture that relate to business patterns around the world. But here we would discuss how these frameworks apply over CHINA and AFRICA, which has so many cultures and religions within it. Dutch expert, Geert Hofstede has provided his research framework from the results of his extensive study of national cultures. He did this study on IBM employees in 40 different countries and gave four dimensions of culture (Hofstede, 1983). But later a fifth dimension Long-term orientation was added to his framework which he developed with colleague Michael Bond. The below paragraphs will discuss briefly on the Hofstede and Trompenaars find out the cultural fit between China and Africa Power distance is the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Of note is Chinas significantly higher Power Distance ranking of 80 compared to the Africa which averages about 49, and the world average of 55. The above result indicates that there is a high level of inequality in terms of authority and wealth in a social set up. The situation is created but the cultural heritage and was not forced upon. (Hofstede, 1984). As said by Hofstede, power distance between management and employees is very high. The seniority concept is been implied in all the company structures both in private and public sectors. The age factor also plays a vital role and giving respect to elderly person is a must in both the culture. Individualism pertains to societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family. Collec tivism as its opposite pertains to societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, which throughout peoples lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty(Hofstede, 1984). A culture is determined as individualistic or collectivistic by the means of three main factors. They are complexity of the society, affluence of the society, heterogeneity (Triandis 1994). China is a typical collectivist society where harmony is valued very high. Harmony can be found in many ways in case of the Chinese. Dignity, self-respect, and prestige are some of the attributes which they would call it as Saving ones face. Therefore, social relationships including senior- junior relationship in business organisation in China are maintained with harmony. Chinese managers involve lot of sentiments in their decision making rather than using rational powers in leadership performance. Adele says that most of the African countries are low on IDV but in contract South Africa alone has a high IDV of 65 because of the European influence in the country. This high score of IDV is indicative of different cultures existing in South Africa and how much they prefer to use their reasonable powers in terms of mangers and their leadership. Chinese masculinity index in Hofstede Dimension is at 66, and the world average also stands at 50 (See appendix). The difference in the values of men and women infers from the higher rank of the country in this dimension. On comparing the world average Masculinity and uncertainty avoidance are relatively higher. A glance on the appendix, very few listed countries have such high masculinity index. In China, masculinity is higher than the figure actually shows as males are valued more than females, and the masculinity of China (66) is quite close to that of South Africas masculinity index which is 63. Chinese lowest ranking dimension is Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) at 40 and South Africa at 49, when compared to the world average of 65. Openness towards unstructured ideas and situations can be found while going down the ranking (Hofstede, Website). The population may have fewer rules and regulations with which to attempt control of every unknown and unexpected event or situation, as is the case in high Uncertainty Avoidance countries. Future is unpredictable in both the countries; People are more concerned in saving money for the future generations because of the highly unsecured feeling which is entirely diversified from the developed country were people tend to spend money. The families in China and Africa are closely bounded in terms of financial needs and wants. Hence Hofstedes view on this index is a real fact. A Chinese value survey was created by Hofstede and bond, (1988) and was surveyed across 23 countries. The results of which combined with an understanding of the influence of the teaching of Confucius on the East, long term vs. short term orientation became the fifth cultural dimension. China leads this dimension with 118 while Africa has no long term orientation in Hofstedes index. Fons Trompenaars and Hampten Turnerss Cultural Dimensions. To find various ideas on the national culture, Fons Trompenaars a Dutch culturist who is a researcher on international culture and Charles Hampden-Turner (a dilemma enthusiast) combined together to find national culture. The finding of broad general rules is called as Universalism; it helps in finding the best rule when there arent any rules that fit in. Particularism on the other hand is about finding exceptions. When no rules fit, it judges the case on its own merits, rather than trying to force-fit an existing rule. China and Africa are mixture of the both. Each culture differs from the way it carries out various operations than the other. Chinese and Africans have a much particularized culture about their family and friends. Rules and regulations are common for all the people whereas the government scheme preference differs for each and every class and state of people. Integrating brings things together to build the big picture. It assumes that if you have your head in the weeds you will miss the true understanding (Richard, 2002). (Turner and Trompenaars,1997) says Individualism is about the rights of the individual. It seeks to let each person grow or fail on their own, and sees group-focus as denuding the individual of their inalienable rights. Communitarian is about the rights of the group or society. It seeks to put the family, group, company and country before the individual. It sees individualism as selfish and short-sighted. In his views Individualism means people who consider only themselves first than others and communitarian mean a person who considers themselves to be a part of a group or a community or people sharing same beliefs and views. China and Africa both has a communitarian culture and people wanted their family friends to be around them during their good and bad situations. People always wanted to work as a group initially but now a day due to huge influences of western culture the trend has started to move more towards individualism. South Africa where there is a heavy influence of the F rench are tend to be more Individualistic than the other parts of Africa. Whereas, people from interior part of Africa are still communistic and tend to depend on family, friends, and the close circle relation. Achieved status means getting to the desired status by means of hard work and performance. In South Africa, status is achieved by means of performance and dedication towards work. It assumes that the individuals or organisations earn and lose their status every day, and that other means of achieving status are recipes for failure. Ascribed status means to gain status either by heritage or by seniority without taking into account of the performance based considerations. It is believed that status is acquired by right rather than daily performance, which may be as much luck as judgement. It finds order and security in knowing where status is and stays, (Turner and Trompenaars, 1997). (Trompenaars,1993) says that people from emotional cultures like china and most of Africa does business in an unbiased culture, where it is important to do the paper work and to bind them legally. People from emotional culture should understand that lack of emotion does not necessarily mean that people from unbiased cultures do not have emotion or sentiments rather it means that people from such culture usually do not express their emotions to others. But when it comes to work culture, they do not give any room for emotions and sentiments. Chinese people usually are open to share common private issues to others but only to a certain extent. They are very much hesitant to share deep and personal issues to common people other than their family and close friends. This type of culture is also known as specific culture. On the other hand, a culture where public and private spaces are similar in size is a diffuse culture. According to (Turner and Trompenaars, 1997) individuals guard their public space because entry into public space allows them into their private space. South Africans usually follow this type of culture. Equality refers to people having equal status, equal rights irrespective of their birth, caste or creed. Hierarchy refers to the individuals who are superior to others in terms of the power or authority they possess. In China the hierarchy nature is followed in many private and all the public sectors. People in higher positions take decisions and others will have to take it. In most of the private sectors the owner of the company takes the decision which directly implies on the employees which may be both positive and negative in nature. In China the hierarchy nature is followed in many private and all the public sectors. People in higher positions take decisions and others will have to take it. In most of the private sectors the owner of the company takes the decision which directly implies on the employees which may be both positive and negative in nature. After examining the work of Hofstede and Trompenaars dimensions on China and Africa, we can say that there are various differences in both the culture. Both, language and traditional culture differs from one another and there are key cultural problems when considering a merger between the two cultures and companies. Below listed are the some of the problems identified as cultural barriers. One of the commonly noted barriers is communication and language stands as a primary problem when considering a organisational merger between China and Africa. The various languages such as French, English, and Portuguese in different regions are spoken in Africa. On the other hand Chinese speak only Phyia language and is still the lone user of the language in the world. The method of expressions and the way of communicating things are very different between the two countries. Chinese language and expressions are defined and ambiguous, were according to (Chang, 1999). (Ma, 1996 and Toomey, 1988) investigated characteristics of Chinese style of communication giving much importance to saving of face, promoting indirect communication, practicing deference, avoiding confrontation and placing a greater burden on receivers to interpret messages. According to another author McCrea (2004), in his research sample it is proved that Chinese are more assertive people than that of Africans. It is also said that to learn the languages and the methods used by the Africans will cost more for the Chinese organisations than other western countries. Thus leads a bigger worry for setting a work pattern together. The second most problem is the difference in the work pattern. The Chinese companies have opened the trade globally only a little more than ten years and also known for being one of the most productive people in the world because they work in most difficult and critical situations across the globe. While, most of the Africans had been used as slaves for many centuries ago and by the influence of that Africans usually do not work as much as the other people do. People who lived in rural areas had a very strong ability for the survival from a critical surroundings and their attitude towards work is taken very light and most of them have dont care attitude towards work and salaries (Jian, 2003). It will be important for a manager to mould these indifferences and enhance the maximum out of the employees who do not have similar work pattern other. One of the challenges for the organisation will be to offset the differences in the religion from employees from both the countries. In China, there are a large number of people, who are atheist, who do not believe in any deities. They are the highest in the world with 91% in terms of non believers. They have Christians, Muslims, and Buddhist in very less numbers and they all account for only 4 to 6 % in total (Central Agency of the USA, 2008), While religion in Africa is versatile, and most of the m follow either Christianity or Islam. After religion, the bigger challenge will be to bring these two different cultures to group as one and extract work out of them. According to (Vacas et al., 2003), the coexistence of overseas investing companies and the local communities is a famous research project in itself. Many companies from the west have existed in Africa for a very long time than the Chinese but still there is lots of conundrum for them to take it forward. It is very difficult to coexist as a one team with the native and foreign people to live harmoniously is a crucial hitch for all the MNCs. Harmony with the local environment will enhance a much better environmental setup for both the Chinese and Africans and will lead to achieving better management goals. As there are not many mergers between the Chinese and the Africans it will be even more difficult task to bind them together as a one unit. Recommendations for the African and Chinese Managers: After many arguments put forward, this shows that there are various differences in cultural aspects between china and Africa. Though there is continuity in the business transactions between the two countries, there is a significant use of absolute power by both the Chinese and African managers. Hence managers from both the countries who will lead a team in a cross-cultural context are suggested as below: The first and foremost aspect in culture is to respect other cultures and to have tolerance level for different religion and cultures. According to (Hofstede,1994) the cultural differences will not change for at least next ten decades. The existence of the cultural differences creates cultural clashes everywhere in the society. Similarly even in organisation these days with more development and advancement of globalisation concept is taking a heavy toll on cultural diversity and with that manager from different cultures get involved in such clashes directly or indirectly. It is very important for the manager to understand and solve the cultural issues, play a vital role in assessing the effectiveness of a manager and as well as the organisation as a whole. Thus it is important for the organisation to maintain tolerance of all cultures and traditions also it is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that the Chinese and Africans work along with each other to keep the relationship harmonious with their fellow mates.Secondly the organisations should take active part to educate the employees on various cultures and involve them in cross-cultural activities. The cross-cultural activities will make the employees to appreciate different cultural values and in turn will change the ignorance towards a particular culture or religion. (Samovar Porter, 1991) identified these values at three different perspectives and they are superficial culture traits, awareness of significant and subtle cultural traits that contrast markedly with anothers, and awareness of how another culture feels from the insiders perspective. In the first place managers from both the cultures should know the resemblance and variations between the Chinese and African cultures. The managers from both the countries should use their own judgement while using their authority considering their own experience from respective cultures. This is done so as to facilitate a clear understanding of using ones own authority and putting themselves in each others position before extending their use of authority on others. In the second place, only rigorous cross-cultural communication can eradicate any misunderstanding between the Chinese and African managers. These cross-cultural training also helps managers to change their behaviour and leadership pattern towards different cultures. Many MNCs give significant importance to cross-cultural communications and is considered a key factor in evaluating managers leadership skills. African and Chinese managers need to measure their own and other parties use of power. After analysing this at the third level, they will also have to examine their control over the power source from each others perspective respectively. After examination, the manager should move forward from being keen observers of the targeted culture to be an effective impact on that culture. Only after this can managers understand his/her foreign counterparts and subordinates to a n extent, perceiving his/her use of power sources. In addition, a manager also needs to show his subordinates that how much a manager can utilise the power source and to what extent he/she can use it effectively. It is very important for the managers to reveal their powers so that it can be used effectively and while acting to be an insider of another culture may spread information quickly than other means. And thirdly and the most important is to improve use of power sources according to culture. There have been various studies which have been undergone to research the relationship that exists between the managers primary power sources and the subordinates performances. The outcome of these studies shows that there is a major impact on the appropriate power sources by the situational variables. This specific outcome has made the author to point out culture as being one of those variables. In cross-cultural leadership, the use of power sources to the specific cultural environment where the manager works should be very carefully imposed. In our case with African and Chinese managers, African managers are far more used to legitimate power whereas the Chinese culture emphasizes on human emotions because they believe that everything should be done fair. Therefore the African managers should consider the factor of human emotions while improving their use of power sources, where as The Chines e managers pay respect to all the institutional rules while imposing their use of power sources, because they value harmony in the company. Thus, proper exercise of powers can mould the two different cultures to work together to achieve the organisational goals and responsibilities. These are the some of the discussions and solutions put forward for a merger between Africa and China. This paper brings more insight on integration between two of the most ancient cultures in the world today. References: Central Intelligence Agency of USA, 2008. The World Factbook, Washington. Charles Hampden-Turner and Fons Trompenaars, Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business, McGraw-Hill,   1997 Chang. H.C.,1999. The well-defined is ambiguous- sindeterminacy in Chienece conversation. Journal of pragmatics 31, 535-556. Hampden-Turner, C. Trompenaars, F. (1997) Response to Geert Hofstede. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 21, 1, 149-159. Hofstede, Geert, and Michael Harris Bond (1988), The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots to Economic Growth, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 4, 4-21. Hofstede, G.H. (1980), Culture Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values, Sage Publications, London. Hofstede, G.H. (1983), The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories, Journal of International Business Studies, Fall, pp. 76-88. Hofstede, G.H. (1984), Cultural dimensions in management and planning, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 81-99. Hofstede, G. (1994). Cultures and Organizations, Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival, McGraw-Hill, London, 1994. Jian, H,. 2003. Chienese Business Men in Africa: Business, Culture and the People. Economy press pf china, Beijing. Kroeber, A.L., Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. New York- Random House. Ma, R., 1996. Saying yes for no and no for yes; a Chinese rule. Journal of pragmatics 25, 257-266. McCrae, R.R,. 2004 Human nature and culture: a trait perspective, Journal of research in personality 38, 3-14. Samovar Porter. (1991). Communication between Cultures. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Shweder, Richard A., Martha Minow, and Hazel Markus, editors. (2002) Engaging Cultural Differences: The Multicultural Challenge in Liberal Democracies. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press Thomas, Adele. The Management Implications of Ethnicity in South Africa. Journal of International Business Studies Volume Number 31. Third Quarter 2000: 507-519. UCF Library, Orlando, FL. Accessed Oct 29, 2008. Ting-Toomey, S. (Ed), 1988 Intercultural Styles: A Face-Negotiation Theory- Sage, Newbury Park, CA. Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. McGraw-Hill, Inc. Trompenaars, F. (1993) Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business (First Edition) London: Nicholas Brealey. Vacas, F., Gonzalez, M., Sanabria, V., Madera, A., 2003. Management of environmental, Social, and health issues involving indigenous communities at the villano project in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region. Van Maanen, J. and E. H. Schein (1979). Toward of Theory of Organizational Socialization. Research in Organizational Behavior, 1: 209-264. http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_south_africa.shtml (All the diagrams and explanations given in the appendix is taken from Hofstedes website.)

Diversity in the Early Childhood Classroom Essay

Diversity encompasses all of the differences that people possess as humans. It includes differences in race, language, gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity, nationality, abilities, exceptionalities, and geographical placement. Diversity consists of a quality that make individuals dissimilar and that brings to the classroom individuals existence experiences, abilities, talents, character traits, and preferences that enhance individuals being (Pearson, 2000). Children’s individual interests and capabilities, racial and cultural differences, age and gender difference and language differences play a part in classroom diversity. Diversity should be taught starting in the Early Childhood classrooms. The concept of diversity of the early childhood classroom includes the perspectives of multiculturalism and non sexist and antibias education. The classroom differences can also include the social realities that affect children and communities, including availability of economic resources, access to technology, and health and safety concerns. Another full and active participate in diversity are children with disabilities. In a number of the school settings today you can find a growing number of special needs children. These children have disabilities ranging from hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder, speech and language difficulties, blindness, deafness, mental retardation, and physical impairments. The Americans with Disabilities Act has better equipped society to meet the needs and challenges of special needs children, yet many teachers have little to no special training to deal with these students. The challenge of implementing training and proper classroom settings for special needs students falls on the fact that the school administrators and teachers encounter financial, cultural, and social obstacles. The many different problems that fall underneath the diversity category are growing each year and are becoming a growing factor for early childhood education. Teachers can help with diversity by bringing the positive side of it into the classroom. There are curriculums available that support diversity. Teachers should include classroom materials from many cultures that reflect the diversity within specific cultures as well as other cultures. Books should be chosen that reflect diversity. Teachers should choose books from many cultures to read to your children. Children should be able to see faces similar to theirs in  the books that are shared with them. Books should be examined for authenticity and true portrayals of diverse individuals and groups. Include diverse individuals in wall and room decorations. When children see themselves reflected in classroom materials, they understand that who they are is valued, accepted and deemed important. This simple act can make the difference in how well children are motivated to learn. Teachers should use language with children that demonstrate an acceptance of all cultures. Teacher’s word choices indicate acceptance of and often determine behavior in children. Teachers choose words carefully and avoid those that would convey a negative connotation when none is intended (Faber & Mazlish, 1999). Life is given to words when individuals speak them, and children usually try to live up to adults’ characterizations of them. Teachers can expect the best from all children and communicate that expectation to them in positive and motivating ways. Teachers should consider field trips that are taken and who the guest speakers are. If all field trips are reflective of one culture, students never have an opportunity to see themselves or individuals in their communities as something of value. Teachers can get guest speakers that represent as many diverse individuals as possible. When all speakers come from one group, the message sent to children is that individuals from their particular group have little to share with them. Teachers can look at cultural celebrations and when they are celebrated. Contributions of many cultures should be shared throughout the year and not only at specified times during the year. Each culture has its own beliefs, customs, rituals, religions, and business and academic achievements that make it both unique and great. Celebrate them. Teachers should challenge themselves to learn as much as they can about the children they teach. For many, this may mean moving outside of their comfort zones and exploring different ways of living. This knowledge helps to locate a point of identification with the student and will facilitate teaching and learning. Knowledge about children’s home lives and the ways in which they are being acculturated in this society can help a teacher be more effective in classroom instruction (Greenberg, 2002). This knowledge may also serve as a source of enrichment and enlightenment for all children. Good teachers claim that they do not see color in their classrooms. Teachers should plan to include on a regular basis topics that challenge yourself to think beyond your own way of living. Teachers should choose and encourage reading materials that will better prepare you other teachers and childcare workers to interact with a variety of individuals. These materials can serve as a common experience for them to draw upon in discussions at faculty and staff meetings. Through these discussions, teachers should feel free and open to discuss their own previously held biases and examine ways in which they can become more knowledgeable and accepting of diverse individuals. Choose to include professional faculty and staff of diverse backgrounds when hiring for various positions. It is not enough to talk about valuing diversity and then continue to hire only from within a certain group. Truly understanding diversity means that biases rooted in stereotypes have no place within the work environment. It also means that talents and abilities are recognized in all. Once hired, these individuals should have equal consideration for promotions within the organization. Teachers should establish positive relationships with diverse parents by communicating in ways that make them feel comfortable and accepted. Teachers need to use language that is plain, simple, and easily understood. Open and clear communication is the key in parent interactions. If there is a language barrier get the aid of someone who speaks that language. Learn as much as possible about the family language and culture and include appropriate aspects of that information in classroom instruction. Teachers should invite parents to their classroom to share various aspects of their lives with your children. Allowing them to share information and experiences will send a clear message to all that you value their differences and view them as an asset for your learning community. Their sharing will broaden and deepen mutual understandings with you, the family, and the child. Teachers need to respond to parents’ needs and concerns in an equitable manner, making sure that all voices are heard and not merely those with which you agree or those with which you are most familiar or comfortable. Teachers can choose to show parents that they are an important member of the team that is responsible for educating their child. Children are like little sponges that soak up everything that they hear and see. Children are around two or three years old when they begin to notice the difference among people. Children notice things like being short or tall, long hair or short hair, light skin or dark skin and different eye color. The way that children deal with the changes between people is influenced by what they see and hear at home (Williams, 1972). When the adults at home are speaking out loud about their bias opinions children hear that. The children then think that the adults are right and tend to form the same opinions. For some adults, biased statements are unintentional. The smallest things can spark this including gender statements, â€Å"Tommy, boys don’t play with dolls, they play with trucks. † This is implying that boys should play with boy things and girls should play with girl things. Adults should embrace the fact that boys want to play with dolls and look at it in the way of the child will grow to be a good father. The things people say can be the accelerator for children’s intolerance for certain groups of people or the underlying cause of children’s acceptance of individuals. Children will have a natural curiosity about the differences between themselves and others. This curiosity isn’t yet linked to any positive or negative thoughts about different groups of people (Williams, 2008). Teachers should consider when speaking to children to keep the child’s age and developmental stage in mind. Teachers should use words and descriptions they can understand. If a child asks â€Å"Why are Ming’s eyes funny? † you can respond by saying, â€Å"Ming’s eyes look different because different people have different shape eyes. Ming’s parents are Chinese and many Chinese people have eyes shaped like hers. Eyes can have many different shapes and can look different† (Kupetz, 2008). This type of response shows the child a clear answer that acknowledges the difference and clearly explains it to the child. Successful home-school relations and interactions are essential for positive learning experiences for children and their families. These interactions often determine the level of support that teachers and other professionals receive from parents. Positive home school relations are deeply rooted in teachers’ and parents’ willingness to step outside of their own comfort zones and to try to accept and respect the differences of others. Valuing diversity simply means that people are comfortable with who others are as individuals and are able to accept and appreciate the differences of ourselves and of others. Through valuing diversity, people learn to expect, respect and accept differences from others. By accepting the differences of others, people openly acknowledge and affirm the validity of those differences. Adults understand that all people have a heritage and that heritage is rooted in beliefs, customs and behaviors that shape who individuals are. Through acceptance, people learn to listen to every voice with the same level of interest until each voice is heard and every story is told. Teachers’ demonstration of how they respect differences in others is shown in how they respond to the difference they display. The varying perspectives that individuals bring to the classroom learning environments are assets in effective decision making, teaching and learning. Diversity in the early childhood classroom will teach the children at a young age how to accept each other. Teaching children what diversity is in the early childhood classroom will stick with them throughout their life. Teaching children at a young age how to respect one another will help the future of the world. There is so much hate in the world today. In the news you see children committing suicides over bullying. The community would love to see the future full of understanding that everyone is different and that it is accepted. Teachers want the children of the future to not be involved in hate crimes and by teaching them at an early childhood age the morals of acceptance just might be installed in their minds and hearts. References Faber, A. , & Mazlish, E. (1999). How to Talk So Kids Will Listen & Listen So Kids Will Talk. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks. Greenberg, P. (Ed. ). (2002, October). Bringing Home Into The Classroom. Retrieved from http://www2. scholastic. com/browse/article. jsp? id=3746853 Kupetz, B. , Ed. D. (2008). Do You See What I See? Appreciating Diversity in Early Childhood Settings. In Earlychildhood News The Professional Resource for Teachers and Parents [Diversity in Early Childhood Settings]. Retrieved from http://www. earlychildhoodnews. com/earlychildhood/ article_view. aspx? ArticleId=147 Pearson, C. (2000, January/February). Diversity in the Early Childhood Classroom. The Fountain, (29), 1. Retrieved from http://www. fountainmagazine. com/article. php? ARTICLEID=642 Williams, D. (1972). The Preschool Years, Ages 2-5. In Beyond the Golden Rule (pp. 11-19). Retrieved from http://www. tolerance. org/sites/default/files/ general/beyond_golden_rule. pdf.

Teen’s Alcohol Abuse

The study aims to identify the factors influencing alcohol abuse among teenagers whose age range from 13 to 19 years. Stratified random sampling will be applied, with samples coming from across the state to ensure the heterogeneity of the sample in terms of the variables being studied.Stratified random sampling is done by dividing the population into strata, in this case by the towns the respondents currently reside, then by employing simple random sampling from each stratum (or town) (Johnston, B., and Christensen, L., 2000).The target number of sample will be set at 10% of the 13-19 year old population in each town (rural or urban). A possible barrier to achieving this set number of sample however is the difficulty in achieving this huge target due to the limited time and financial resources.A solution seen to overcome this barrier is through the use of the internet and sending of electronic mails to reach the respondents. The use of this type of method of data gathering may possib ly cause risks in the validity of the answers given by the respondents. Confusion on the part of the respondents may take place, and the researcher may not be available at all times to attend to clarifications. In order for this threat to be avoided, the survey questions have been constructed to be simple and concise.This sample is said to be representative of the population because of the randomization that has been done to assure that the sample is composed of individuals who are not in any way homogenized in one or more traits or characteristics being studied.The survey tool used is a 13-item questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions. Possible answers which are mutually exclusive have been constructed. Should the answer not be found in the list of answers, then the sample may choose to state his response.The survey tool and variables measuredThe variables are demographic in nature such as age, and several socio-cultural variables such as the individuals the respond ent is currently living with, annual family income, the drinking history of the parents, attitude of the parents towards alcohol, and the respondent’s experience in witnessing violence and the frequency of witnessing this violence. Behavioral and attitudinal characteristics of the respondents will also be measured, such current alcohol intake, frequency of alcohol intake, and history of alcohol abuse, and availability of or accessibility to alcohol.The variable â€Å"age† is defined as the age of the respondent in years at the time of the study. This variable is answered by the second survey question, which is a closed-ended one. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is.â€Å"Companion in Residence† is defined as the individual/s (if any) with whom the respondent has live with for the most part of his life. This has been defined in such a manner due to the assumption that should an individual’s beliefs or b ehavior be affected by another individual, this effect is said to be incurred by the person he has lived with longest in his life. Possible responses to this question include parents, relatives or guardians, friends or peers, or none. It is a closed-ended type of survey question.The variable â€Å"annual family income† is defined as the average income in US$ incurred by the family in one year. It will be measured in the fourth survey question which is a closed-ended one. The lowest class of the range has been set at less than $5000, whereas the highest has been set at $65,001 and above. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is.The variable â€Å"alcohol drinking† is defined as the respondent’s current behavior towards alcohol, i.e. if he at present drinks or does not drink alcohol. This variable will be measured in the fifth survey question, where the respondent answers â€Å"yes† to indicate that he curren tly drinks alcohol, or a â€Å"no† to indicate that he does not currently drink alcohol. The question is a closed ended one.

Security Monitoring - 1041 Words

Security Monitoring Mobin Bahrami University of Phoenix Information Systems Risk Management CMGT/442 June 22, 2012 Brian Hoff Intro Security monitoring is an important factor in keeping any organization network safe as various attacks are on a rise. A company constantly must practice monitory techniques to keep their data safe. The first step is to scan the internal and external environment and identify information technology risks before they become a problem. The key is to be proactive rather than reactive (Marilyn Greenstein). Different organization consist of many applications that require a certain level of security measures and risk assessment. To determine the associated risks within an organization each application†¦show more content†¦E-commerce applications require critical networks to accommodate video, voice, and data traffic as the numbers of users increase the need for greater performance and support is necessary. As a network in a company enables more applications and are available to more users, the applications become more vulnerable to security threats. To ensure e-commerce trans actions are not compromised security technology play a major role, and there are four categories that must be addressed: * Authentication ensures the safety of the systems and data by blocking access to unauthorized users while allowing users access. * Authorization allows only the user to change or modify within an account. * Encryption prevents third parties from recovering the original information, which cannot be recovered without access to the key. * Auditing keeps a record of operations such as, purchasing a merchandise. Human Resources Human resources are vital resources in any company to succeed business needs and support the employees to meet their objectives. Employees should be trained and motivated by the management team to achieve their potential. 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