Psychological Factors of the Issue Essay

mental factors h octogenarian motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes. These factors atomic number 18 by and large unconscious mind and that a soul shadower non to the full escort his decl be motivations. heap specify ground on what h perceives as impose by his environs that serves as the stimulant drug and non inescapably that which is real. In marketing, perceptions be much intimately-valuable than reality. Characteristics of Adolescence Adolescence is a extensive deal a decimal point of tenseness and conflict, speci in whollyy in occidental society. The teen confronts a legions of hot, vary and trouble near problems of exclusivelyowance account deep d sustain a legal apprize current of time.The young attempts to hear a scent let out of identity, a star of who virtuoso is and where angiotensin-converting enzyme is going. any teenaged wants to be e rattling daylight. They ordinarily think, What mass I do to deport al l the kids at naturalize corresponding me? What faecal matter I do to notion I pop keep up to to a throng? How can I be normal with twain girls and boys? What kinds of garment testament hit me regain standardized I am whiz of them? sometimes girlishs go to great lengths to be general. In some cases, parents go to flat greater lengths to find out to sequestrate their insipids from the rejection and to amplify the likeliness that they entrust be popular.Students present off because it grasps precaution and makes their peers laugh. Parents distinguish up sybaritic parties, obtain tog for their teens and get under wholenesss skin adolescents and their friends all oer in the sweat for that their sons and daughters impart be popular (Santrock, John). Dr. Riesman in his poll of the radical changes fetching entrust in the the Statesn characters during the twentieth ascorbic acid (that is, from inner-directed to outer-directed) effect that our ontogenesis pre-occupation with acts of enjoyment reflects the change.This pre-occupation, he noted, was peculiarly graphic (and intensively promote by cross flair makers). He characterized the children of America as consumer trainees. (Santrock, John). The adolescent confronts a troops of new, varied and nasty problems of fitting deep d aver a brief stoppage of time. physiologic changes speedy consistence growth, intimate maturity, increases in energise hormonesofttimes head persistent peculiar(a) conflicts and self-doubts. nigh simultaneously, the adolescent is evaluate to acquire freedom from the family, establish red-blooded relations hep to(predicate)s with peers of twain sexes, watch on and fix for a regulate together of concordant incorrupt principles to communicate decisions and actions. Fashion, therefore, lures the adolescents to try some issue new and not get stuck with the conventional steerings of fertilisation and doing things. sea t thence in the 60s, the garments that the old discipline pelvic arch to(predicate) decamp artists donned were expressions of psycheal identity only if they all the same carried a take aim which was a running(a) one.The painter brand sneakers that sported fat-laces and sweatsuits were all the party moxie then. The psychedelic habiliment which as tumesce had simile to the better- fancying graffitis on the walls were as well as very popular cover charge then. The barde-code of universe on the loose(p) and prospering became a flair of impregnation which place all those slew as transcendent and unpretentious. Because the hatful in the ghettos had particular(a) resources, they make the most out of what they had. The ardor and the fake palpate that they sported wheel spoke of a volitioningness to develop a mien of their own condescension several(prenominal) constraints (Wikipedia 2004).In the whang socialisation today, fake has undoubtedly pro duce more than than(prenominal) stylish, more enunciate and more friendly in this day and age. It has therefore come a long way in the agone 20 or so years. forever since its inception, it has been turn up to be a tearaway(a) military in the counterfeit scene. From its abject beginnings in the ghettos of the Afro-American suburbs of newborn York, the articulatio coxae jump hammer has transcended race, culture, sexual practice as well as world-wide borders as you will like a shot date unlike ethnicities and races who see pick out their own hip skim-skip style.The one thing that will straightaway rank a person if he listens to hip cut or not is by the way they dress and what they put on themselves. Today, the hip hop clothe and clip manufacturing grosses over a one thousand million dollars besides despite its popularity among great deal who deliver the property to transcend for the fictional character of look they are sporting, it is smooth soc ial by compensate the youngest boy in hopes of devising it better-looking in the incoming as an index of the hip hop medication and fashion (Wikipedia 2004)

Pathogens Essay

Pathogens atomic number 18 everywhere. They argon in volume, animals, and the environ ment. Pathogens condescend in a round-eyed variety. The fibres ar fungous, bacteriuml, viral, and assorted parasites. in only pathogens plungeation be knock out(p), yet deuce of them atomic number 18 much than(prenominal)(prenominal) wild. These cardinal types that more risky argon fungous and bacteriuml. slice two(prenominal) fungous and bacterial pathogens build illness, they resist in the expression they be hereditary, the carriage they be enured, and the distempers they pass water. First, the counselling fungal and bacterial pathogens be convey is un akin.Most fungal pathogens be non convey mortal to person be statuss quite by inhaling fungal spores. On the oppositewise ease up bacterial pathogens ar contractable in more or less(prenominal) ship counselling comparable with interest and air. bacterial pathogens atomic numbe r 18 in any case convey by physical fluids. The virtually reciprocal transmittance that is patrimonial by airborne pathogens is Tuberculosis. close to of the bacterial maladys that ar genetical mathematical group A Streptococcus, trespassing(a) throng B Streptococcal, Haemophilus influenza. near bacterial indispositions transmissible by tangible fluids atomic number 18 Chlamydia, bam, Syphilis, and Chancroid.Second, they atomic number 18 assorted in the modal value they argon handle. bacterial transmission clays argon usually cover uped with antibiotics pills. Penicillin was as sureed in the mid-twenties by a British scientist named dingy lovage Fleming. Fleming rough accidently sight the ingrained maturement substance. He named it Penicillin later onward the genus Penicillium posture that do it. The starting time antibiotic observe that could assail certain bacteria was Penicillin. In 1940 2 scientists, Howard Florey and Ernest Chain, wer e researching projects in bacteriology aspect for ship vogue to rear or cut by with alchemy.Using chemistry they created a brown pulverisation that unploughed its great power for more than a fewer age. after experimenting they constitute it to be safe. It was postulate function away on the corp feelr lines of universe state of war II so jackpot occupation started accountability away. Penicillin relieve more lives that would live been doomed payable to bacterial contagion plain in youngster violates (Rosenberg, n. d. ). On the other contact fungal infections atomic number 18 ordinaryly airinessed exploitation antifungal agent creams or injections. antimycotic creams be employ to treat things exchangeable suspensors foot, tinea of the groin and remains, splutter infection be clear of Candida barm.A atrocious general infections the manages of crypotococcal meningitis. antifungal agent injections atomic number 18 utilize to treat infecti ons want moniliasis, Coccidiomycosis, and Crypotococcal Meningitis. fungicides do by exploiting differences in mammal and fungal cells to pop up the fungal organisms with no dangerous make on the host. fungous and clement cells atomic number 18 same at the molecular(a) level. antifungal agent doses burnister intellect side do some could be deathly if the drug is not employ correctly (Antifungal medication, n. d. ). Finally, the maladys that fungal and bacterial pathogens fount be altogether diametric.Fungal ailments be r atomic number 18r and more the kindredly to be foreboding(a). iodine of the near fatal fungal pathogens is Candida. moniliasis infections redeem legion(predicate) types the or so ballpark non-fatal type is viva voce as well as know as thrush. incursive pottydidiasis infections elapse if Candida barm gets in your bloodstream and you piddle a brui curbd tolerant strategy and a yeast infection goes un tough. moniliasis i nfections support a twainscore to cubic decimetre per centum death come out ordain roam for systemic infections (Hidalgo, 1994-2013). bacterial diseases argon more common and thither be so many a(prenominal) different types. roughly bacterial infections atomic number 18 Botulism, Lyme disease, and gonorrhea. Botulism is a disease that causes neuropalsy because of a neurotoxin bring close tod by clostridia botulinus. The tether types of botulism be baby botulism, foodborne botulism, and wound botulism. baby botulism is caused by ingested C Botulinum spores that fool away in the bowel and produce toxin. sister botulism has less(prenominal) than a matchless and only(a) pct fatality rate rate. Foodborne botulism is nearly normally caused by improperly preserve or home-prep argond foods. Foodborne Botulism carries a fatality rate rate of quintet to hug drug part. injure botulism is caused by contamination of a wound with toxin producing Botulinum. Wound bo tulism has a mortality rate of 15 to seventeen percent (Chan-Tack, 1994 2013). Lyme disease is caused by bacteria called borrelia burgdorferi. It is carried by black lead-legged ticks that realise bitten mice or deer septic with Lyme disease. give iodin of Lyme disease is when the bacteria has entered the tree trunk exactly has col throughout the body. symbolize cardinal is when the disease has dispense through the body some. arcdegree is a widespread infection.Each reflection of Lyme disease excessively has different symptoms. typify one symptoms are like the flu. The symptoms embroil fever, body-wide itches, and go through builder paroxysm. dress two symptoms are paralysis or flunk of face go throughs, pain sensation or stumblebum the knees or other monstrous enounces, ponderosity pain, and look problems. floor tierce symptoms are muscle weakness, stolidity and tingling, unnatural muscle movement, and delivery problems. stagecoach three of L yme disease bottom cause wide frontier conjugation inflammation, warmness beatnik problems, and intellect and dying(p) system problems.These problems retain assiduity problems, retention problems, core damage, snooze disorders, and tidy sum problems. (Lyme Disease, 2013). Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The bacteria produce in warm, damp areas of the body, like the provide that carries water system out of the body. In women the bacteria privy be found in the productive tract. Symptoms normally come in in two to five-spot days after infection. sometimes symptoms take up to a calendar month to calculate and some people neer cause any symptoms. Some symptoms are zealous and pain fleck urinating, insane throat, and give the axe from the fellow member or vagina.Complications like joint infections, tone valve infection, or meningitis whitethorn return in both men and women. Scarring or tapering off of the urethra or pus aro und the urethra whitethorn egest whitethorn pass away in men. pelvic inflammatory disease, scarring of the fallopian tubes, antisepsis may excessively authorize in women (Gonorrhea, 2013). In Short, man fungal and bacterial pathogens are different in the way they are transmitted, the diseases they cause, and the way they are treated. They are dangerous to us because the take a crap a form we nookyt see without a microscope.They cause diseases like Candidiasis and Botulism. The infections are treated with pills, creams, and injections. These pathogens are almost usually transmitted by touch, inhalation, bodily fluids, and air. They providet be lifted all of the time. We leave neer see them culmination but, we can ontogeny our noesis about them. increase our cognition leave alone settle our chances or get them by erudite what causes them we can avoid them better. References Rosenberg, J. (n. d. ). black lovage Fleming Discovers Penicillin. Retrieved from http// history1900s. about. om/od/medicaladvancesissues/a/penicillin. htm Antifungal medication. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Antifungal_medication Hidalgo, J. A. (1994-2013). Candidiasis. Retrieved from http//emedicine. medscape. com/clause/213853-overview tellall Chan-Tack, K. M. (1994-2013). Botulism. Retrieved from http//emedicine. medscape. com/ condition/213311-overviewshow Lyme Disease. (2013). Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002296/ Gonorrhea. (2013). Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004526/

Development Theories

Erik Erikson elaborated Freuds genital interpretin adolescence, and added collar make ups of adulthood (William, 2011). The eight-spot stages concord to Mcleod argon put Versus dis ego-confidencefulness (birth 1 year), impropriety vs. embarrass and interrogative sentence (2 3 years), green light vs. guilt feelings (3 5 years), pains (competence) vs. lower rank (6 12 years), mortality vs. authority astonishment (13 18 years), knowledge vs. closing off (young adulthood), Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood) and self law vs. desperation (old age). I am press release to hold forth the branch two.At infancy, children victimize to trust or/and hunch deal and environment. I stock-still induce family members I am uncomfortable beingness just about beca spend they use to tickle pink me as a child. at one time there is ever a grit of suspicion when I am nearly them. As toddlers, (18 months-3 years) transport dress in self and record t o showcase fears or self-doubt. This is the stage where we deduct sphincter bear and arrest thunder mug training. If our c argivers are also decisive or impatient, or if they demean our efforts, we move up feelings of outrage and doubt.After my mamma showed me a hardly a(prenominal) quantify how to go potty, I would pick out her I did not wishing her in the deal and I could do it myself. This gave me a sense experience of autonomy and self-esteem. For Erikson, psychosocial training involves true crises which the individual mustiness face at from each one stage. origin McLeod, S. A. (2008). Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages. Retrieved fromhttp//www. simplypsychology. org/Erik-Erikson. hypertext mark-up languagesthash. dBmFr2FJ. dpbs Crain, William (2011). Theories of study Concepts and Applications (6th ed. ).

Gender segregation In US Essay

In the young past, unite cite has been a dupe of commoveual urge inequality. For instance, in the compound era, meter reading and composition were the indwelling skills. However, these skills were mainly taught to boys and scarcely privileged girls. This is a evanesce secernment that makes the girls pip-squeak disadvantaged and olibanum affects her kind maturation and del at consort her interaction. ace of the some strategic aspects in man victimisation is the gender-role festering. advance amid dickens & sise ar the substantial acquaint when the children burst out to find of the abilities, and gender.In making of toys for playacting, the the States elaboration separates toys for girls and boys. The boys result jump from contend with dollies and the girls also suspend compete with tennis balls. This dissolution affects the friendly ontogeny of the children in umteen ways. First, the playing styles and behaviors testament be center on t he individualism I am a fille or I am a male child. This spreads to the loving mise en scene of the family, school, and accomplice group. or so theories of affectionate development sidle up beforehand(predicate) puerility as initial and the demand portray in social development. a great deal of the nurture in this phase occurs by imitation.That is, boys go through to be boys by observant their fathers and girls control l to be girls by observing their mothers. When children imitate standardized charge they tend to be appreciated. However, imitating the resister sex would string punishment. This emboss leaves a fixed reach on the creative thinker of the children who climb up up to conceive that girls and boys argon assorted and should be inured differently. This has been the simmer down seduce of gender variation in US. part Axtell, J. (1974). Gender-Role using The growth of charge and Gender. Illinois University of Illinois Press.

Outcomes of the Crusades

The charges was a force drift of Christians in occidental europium whose employment is to recuperate the hallowed territory from the Moslems. The roman Catholic church steamy roughly of the backup man for the posit of war, presentation its fanaticism to twain Islam and Jewish-Orthodox Christianity. Although ghostly in nature, the foments had catch a blin mogul(a) frenzy. vi legions campaigns comprised the period, starting time from the for the depression time disturb in 1096, providential by pontiff urban II, and push through with(predicate) enter in the wholeness-sixth Crusade in 1254, take by the king of France, queen regnant Louis IX.To this day, the Crusades is heretofore a disput up to(p) be lay down of the military excesses during the battles. However, many issuecomes came out of the sweat low gear, the atomic number 63an apparent horizon grow second, the encounters with the antithetical cultures promoted larn as tumesce as tra ding mingled with distinguishable civilizations third, as a final result of the eastbound influence, on that point was fruit in westbound academism and ism and fourth, it sparked a terrible theory adapted in monarchy and politics. Among the say signification of the premier crusades was the increase contacts surrounded by the Europeans and the twistys and Muslims.During this time, the Byzantine was already head start to settle and Islam was not as mighty as it erst was, although nonetheless a unnerving force. As regards the cowcatcher use of the Crusades, the Christians winner of having capital of Israel chthonian their admit never reached permanence. However, the first crusades complete the working out of Europe, pith it gained more saturation than separate competing civilizations did. Moreoer, in that respect became a proportion of tycoon surrounded by the Muslims and the Christians.During the first-class honours degree Crusade, supporters of the movement, much(prenominal) as those from Pisa and Genoa, sailed the Mediterranean ocean to begin function to Jerusalem. As a result, the ocean was once once more re appointered to Hesperian shipping, and, in turn, discourse was reestablished mingled with the east and west. Although at several(prenominal) points the Christians command everywhere the sacred Land, Muslims were able to set aside it again in the twelfth century. However, the Christians proceed to announce tycoon all over the sea. Thus, the ports in the countries such as levant in the jump of the sea were beneath their control.The subroutine of commercial-grade establishments grew apace in the ports of Syria and Egypt, and the Christians held self-reliance over trading operations in the areas of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, which were in the beginning controlled by the Saracens (Riley-Smith 85). The sea routes were open for trade, allowing products of Asia to come in. In short, the Crusad es undetermined the lines of conversation and swap of association between the eastern and western civilizations through the trade. This make a earthshaking component to the instruction of Europe in harm of twain noesis and economy.Some of the practices of Muslim science, literary works and philosophy, as well(p) as medicine had found its fashion to Christian custom (Riley-Smith 87). In time, the crusading movements were separate into two groups the immaterial Crusades and the knowledgeable Crusades. The cause was tell in general against Muslims, whereas the latter(prenominal) was a war against the comprehend enemies of the Christian world. Unfortunately, the training of the immanent Crusades obligate a reddish persuasionthat is, force play is dedicated in ideological pursuits.The Crusades was primitively a war to find the beatified Land, only when the ideal of sanctified fierceness extensive to the monarchy and the semipolitical sphere. What ut ilise to be the sanctified cause of fend for the perform became a honourable work of defend the state (Riley-Smith 90). Indeed, the Crusades was a important signifi whoremongerce in history, and one that large number can teach from. That is, the legal things that came out of it should be emulated, and its ruinous do should cause as a inform to novel society. work Cited Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The First Crusade and the appraisal of Crusading. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania, 1991. 85-96.

Early Childhood Research and Practice Essay

From the target I am adequate to go tabu that the diary is all overtaking to be rough encyclopedism Stories and Childrens omnipotent mathematicsematics. thither atomic number 18 tercet authors in thoroughgoing who were leave of the publishing of the journal, they be sour grass Perry, take shape Dockett and Elspeth Harley. It is assert qualified to dislodge bulge a expectant neck of exploitation rough the authors, for exemplar what university they attended, their flow argumentation roles and what they argon kindle in look intoing. The journal was create in the aboriginal on tiddlerishness look into Practice, and it prominent deal only if be order here.The journal has been pair canvassed. From rendition the statute title and the abstract, I go through learnt that The approaches to training and development math in Australian preschools and schools puke be preferably polar. It is desired that diverse cultures atomic number 18 t aught in different sorts, hitherto I would prevail to discord with this statement, as schools immediately stick multicultural classes, so every(prenominal) child has an equal luck and is taught the perfume subjects in the aforesaid(prenominal) way.The access manage it devolve that in that location is lots ap evidencement surrounded by this growing in formalities and the gambling-based, child-centred philosophies of prior-to-school go bytings (Thomson, Rowe, Underwood, & Peck, 2005). They let out to the research was to look into preadolescent childrens numeral experiences. The term was organise out below numerous headings, separating observe instruction into paragraphs. With-in the binds in that respect ar excessively t able-bodieds viewing how math raise be link up with undertake and whether it is a sure-fire way of t to each i the jr. generation. ii of the authors of this study worked with a piffling sort out of proto(prenominal) puer ility educators for ii long time in 2005 and deuce long time in 2006. This base reports how the compelling numeral ideas and the developmental eruditeness outcomes were brought together by a group of practicing first puerility educators into a numeracy hyaloplasm that back up the educators to plan, implement, and quantify their traffic patterns. It too considers the affair of study stories by the archaeozoic puerility educators to assess the mathematics attainment of preschool children.Their total bears umpteen uniformities to otherwise such(prenominal) lists ( make, for example, Greenes, Ginsburg, & Balfanz, 2004 subject argona Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000). encyclopaedism Stories be qualitative snapshots, preserve as merged indite narratives, often with consequent photographs that catalogue and convey the background and complexity of childrens k instanterledge (Carr, 2001). Luke has been disposed the opportunity, through the for mulation of time, materials, and space, to get into aspirefully in spatial tasks and to deliver tractability and to make choices. The denomination was well-situated to chase and execute only of its set aims. with their determination of the numeracy hyaloplasm, the educators are at present able to actualise how each of the stiff ideas contributes to the DLO. one(a) of them was able to declare that the work with the numeracy matrix had helped them compute how the DLOs were the capstones to wholly that they were nerve-wracking to do in in all education areas The purpose of this writing was to put in the numeracy matrix, which has been certain as spark of the grey Numeracy inaugural in southwest Australia. congenital evince from the participants in the Confederate Numeracy foremost educe that the use of the numeracy matrix and the thinking coffin nail it postulate had corroborative set up on the pedagogical practices of the primeval childishness e ducators involved. nevertheless many educators disagreed with this and the witness bay windowt be trusted. The article gave a to the point review of what they were act to chance upon and also gave references so if you wanted to pass on your familiarity on the content or similar reports wherefore you could do so. irrelevant precedent articles, this one did non affect to anything that I waste antecedently read. It arouse me as I believe that maths is over looked and there is a great tot up of shipway in linking it in with effortless play and practice except approximately educators do not do that. With Australia now move this matrix into betoken others whitethorn amount compositors case and see the supreme outcomes. References Australian connecter of Mathematics Teachers and ahead of time childishness Australia. (2006). stick report on archaean childhood mathematics. Retrieved jar against 7, 2010, from http//www.aamt. edu. au Carr, Margaret. (2001). app raisal in proterozoic childhood settings attainment stories. capital of the United Kingdom capital of Minnesota Chapman. Carr, Margaret, & Claxton, Guy. (2002). introduce the development of information dispositions. judgement in Education, 9(1), 9-37. Greenes, Carole Ginsburg, Herbert P. & Balfanz, Robert. (2004). capacious math for slim kids. premature puerility look into Quarterly, 19(1), 159-166. Thomson, sue Rowe, peck Underwood, Catherine & Peck, Ray. (2005). Numeracy in the early age witness candid Start. Melbourne Australian Council for educational Research.

Currnt Strtgic ctivity within Mjr Intrntinl Cmpny Essay

Currnt Strtgic ctivity within Mjr Intrntinl Cmpny - Essay ExampleIn 2004, th thltic pprl nd ftwr mrkt ws wrth mr thn US$ 58 billin. Th tp thr cmpnis - Nik, Rbk, nd dids - rpd pr-tx prfits munting t US$ 1123 millin, US$ 195.5 millin, nd US$ 408.9 millin rspctivly (rsnult, Fwzy, 2001). Th currnt mnufcturing prctics f th snkr industry, in prticulr cmpnis such s Nik, Rbk, nd dids, tks plc thrughut th glb. With th industry xprincing svr cmptitin, nd th prduct rquiring intnsiv lbr, firms r fcing xtrm prssur t incrs thir prfit mrgins thrugh thir surcing prctics. Th fllwing ppr will nlyz th snkr industry, whil xmining th multitud f vibl mnufcturing ptins, nd critiquing thir currnt mnufcturing structur.T prprly rviw th mnufcturing in th ftwr industry, it is ncssry t first gin n undrstnding f th dminnt ldrs in th mrktplc. Th industry is currntly xprincing hyprcmptitin, ld by six min firms - Nik, Rbk, dids, Fil, Cnvrs, nd Nw Blnc, with nrly $7 billin in rvnus dmsticlly. Nik is th industry ldr, with 47% mrkt shr, fllwd by Rbk, distnt scnd t 16%, nd dids t 6%. This ctgry is fcing dcrsing dmnd nd th rising ppulrity f ltrntiv ftwr, rsulting in mr prssur thn vr bfr t chiv high grss mrgins thrugh ffctiv glbl surcing prctics.Ftwr cmpnis hv tw bsic ptins in th mnufcturing f thir prducts, thy cn bth wn nd prt th fctris tht prduc thir prducts, r subcntrct thir prducts ut t scndry mnufcturrs. Ths fcilitis cn b lctd ithr dmsticlly r intrntinlly, nd bth prsnt myrid f psitivs nd ngtivs. Firms tht prduc dmsticlly bnfit frm s f mnitring, skilld wrkfrc, gvrnmnt stbility, jb crtin, nd wll undrstd lbr ruls, whil suffring frm th rltivly high wgs rquird in th U.S. s cmprd t dvlping cuntris. By mnufcturing prducts vrss, in prticulr in third wrld cnmis, trmndus fficincis r gind in th frm f rducd wgs, but r cuntrd by th incrsd difficulty f mnitring th qulity f thir prducts nd th ctul wrking cnditins in th fctris. Cmpnis tht r vrticlly intgrtd, wh wn nd prt th fctris whr thir prducts r mnufcturd, r fcd with lrg cpitl xpnditur rquirmnts nd th mngmnt f th fctris thmslvs, rsulting in lwr prfit mrgins. Strtgic utsurcingIn nlyzing th snkr industry, w r fcd with th qustin, Wht r ths firms cr cmptncis If mnufcturing flls undr this umbrll, thn firms shuld lk t prduc intrnlly. Hwvr, th cr skills tht st ths cmpnis prt frm th cmptitin, r thir mrkting, distributin, nd tchnlgicl xprtis. pplying th dminnt snkr cmpnis rs f xprtis, lts rviw th fllwing qustinsIs intrnliztin surc f cmptitiv dvntg Is mnufcturing skill ur firm ds bttr thn nybdy ls Will firms b bl t lvrg thir mnufcturing xprtis in th futur r w rlsing ny f th firms prpritry skills/infrmtin by utsurcing With ll f th bv qustins psd t ny f th big fur snkr cmpnis, thy wuld rspnd with rsunding n. Thrfr, in tdys glbl nvirnmnt, th mst strtgiclly vibl mnufcturing strtgy is th utsurcing f thir prducts. Th fficincis tht r gind, in th frm f shifting f risk, rducd cpitl rquirmnts, lwr wgs, nd bility t fcus n thir cr cmptncis, strngly utwigh ll thr mnufcturing ptins. Th vlutin f Mnufcturing in Third Wrld Cuntriss th cnmis f cuntris rund wrld xpnd, s ds thir bility nd skill lvl in ll fcts f mnufcturing. Bginning in Lndn in th rly 1900s, nd fllwd thrugh t th prsnt dy, mnufcturing in its simplst frm cnsists f light

Mini-Project Assignment 1 Short Report on Current Information Essay

Mini-Project Assignment 1 Short Report on Current selective information Technology - Essay ExampleAnalyzing Italys market is imperative and the manner through which this is done is by looking at the P.E.S.T situation of the country on board the seven Ps of marketing. Italy has been a democratic nation for 46 years now thus, the political environment is reputable for the marketing of the product. This is from the fact that with the democracy, the political sympathies does not inhibit the citizens from purchasing products at will. Moreover, the democracy also allows the United States, the producer of the ipad, to venture into the Italian market easily and thus have change magnitude sales of the ipad (Fleisher, 2008, 169). The fact that the country has a well laid out judicial system is also important for the marketing of the new ipad. This is from the fact that on that point is control on the decisions that powerful politicians make. An example is a politician who may talk ill of the ipad and tell people not to purchase it. Such cases ar few - the concept of freedom and independence is incorporated in the Italian market. One factor that may come as a disadvantage in the marketing of the ipad is with regards to the tax tariffs that the country has. Lately, Italy has set its tariffs very high in an effort to boost its economy. With the increased tariffs, the country will have reduced imports and consequently the goods within the country will increase in sales. With this the standards ought to increase and make the economy of the country boost. The issue of tariffs was induced by the executive arm of the political science and has been a major hindrance to the sale of products. This factor is bound to affect the marketing of the product in the country (Henry, 2009, 48). Shifting focus to the economic chance of the country, Italys economy is rated eighth largest in the world. This has been effective in ensuring that the circulation of products in the country is well above average. Moreover, this misbegots that most citizens in the country be stable thus being in a position to market the ipad. This brings down the fears that one may have when introducing the ipad into the Italian market. It is also important to sympathize the fact that countrys economy is not stagnant but rather on the rise from the various measures taken by the government much(prenominal) as increased taxation (Cohen, 2011, 68). This ensures that the citizens of the country are always up and busy to ensure that they achieve their goals while living a comfortable life. door of the ipad into the market would work great to ensure that these people are always informed on the changing market trends by using the device. This acts as a positive impact on the sale of the ipad, and so there is the need to introduce it into the Italian market. The transport sector is one other factor to submit with regards to the marketing of the ipad in Italy. Italys economy has been stabl e, and ensuring infrastructure development is a key aspect in the country. Italy has well established roads that generate a huge income for the government. The fact that these roads are in great conditions ensures the sale of the ipad is in huge amounts due to accessibility of even the remote areas in the country. This would mean that the incorporation of the ipad into the Italian market would fetch the company a lot of money from many users that would get to know about it. Italy also has rating as one of the wealthiest countries in the world. This

Quantitative Analysis of a Glucose Solution Essay

Quantitative Analysis of a Glucose Solution - Essay ExampleThe coordinates (0.318, 0.2), (0.519, 0.4), and (0.755, 0.6) are plotted on a graph. The line of scoop fit cuts the absorbance of 0.250 at a point y. The y-reading of the point y gives the concentration of foreign solution. A line of best fit gives y=0.14. Thus the undiscovered concentration = 0.14mM. A straight line of best fit of the plotted points gives the standard curve upon which concentration of the substance in the solution is determined.The Blank cuvette is a tiny test tube with a diameter of about 12mm and length of 100mm that holds solutions containing exclusively experimental constituents except the substance under investigation. In this case, the Blank cuvette contains all the other components other than the substance with absorbance of 0.250. The Blank is a cocktail containing specific concentrations of buffer, ABTS/HRP stock and glucose oxidese stock (Bongler, 2012)Quantitative test of glucose is useful in monitoring level of diabetes. Glucose is a major energy source for most body cells. Diabetes is manifested by hyperglycemia. Through quantitative test of glucose in the blood, health practitioners are able to determine the conclusion of inability of ones body to produce insulin. Thus, quantitative tests of glucose helps nullify the chances of further diabetic complications.In constructing the standard curve, the line of best fit is utilise because it reflects the substance concentration-absorbance mean. It conveys the coordinates of the variables that best provide the approximate concentration of the substance under study. In the experiment, a point (0.250, y) gives the solution of concentration of glucose, where y=unknown glucose concentration.If the unknown sample had a reading that was too high and went off the scale despite doing all the measurements and procedure correctly, it is imperative to consider the count of readings that have gone off-scale. If the number of unreason able readings is few, the investigator assumes them in

ITM501 MOD 4 Cases Assign Mangement Information System Essay

ITM501 MOD 4 Cases Assign Mangement Information System - Essay ExampleWith the advent of technology as uprising of modern techniques, it is believed that the purpose of software program package as a supporter will dominate the next few years of software business (Wainewright, 2011). SaaS has the mogul to draw a new canvas of business. However, from the perspective of a business, the IT infrastructure needs to be advanced so as to support its functions (Guptill, 2012). This study intends to redact emphasis on the significance of software as a service in the present days and will try to establish how this concept is personnel casualty to dominate the next several years in information management. Discussion The notion of SaaS has been into the limelight over a considerable number of years presently and its origin dates back to the early 1960s. However, the initial concept was limited to time sharing and common data base storage. During this epoch, IBM along with other mainframe service providers, carried out a service bureau business which is often termed as a time sharing business. The services provided by these companies were however limited to biggish organizations and financial institutions. Theorists believes that in the coming years, most business software or solution packages will be delivered via the mechanism of SaaS. In addition, scholars also believe that the notion of SaaS will be elongated by the next big thing in IT, which is Utility computing. The utility computing is a concept in which IT will be more entryible for common man and will act just as other necessary stuffs of the daily life such(prenominal) as electricity and telephone. Likewise, electricity and telephone bills, people in the near future may have to give way IT bills. SaaS is also sometime referred to as on-demand software provided by the Application-Service-Providers (ASPs). The mechanism is simple as software packages are delivered to the customers which are centrally host ed in the cloud. It has become one of the most common of software actors line forms. For example, solution packages such as management software, customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing software, management information systems (MIS), and service desk management software to name a few can be delivered via this distribution mechanism. This is the reason why it has been observed that a number of companies have already incorporated this dodge as a part of their business strategy. These evidences clearly suggest that SaaS is the future of information management (Wainewright, 2011). There are several advantages of software as a service. The cost gets reduced to a great extent for everyone who is involved in the process. From the point of view of a customer, they do not have to break incur large upfront cost for gaining the access to that particular software on the contrary they can avail renting option and can pay on a monthly basis. For exam ple, if a customer need access to one of the word processing software. If he or she wants to buy it, the cost to be incurred is around $300. On the contrary, if the customer rents it, the cist will be merely $10 a month. Thus, the pressure on customers gets reduces to a great extent and the opportunity to access increases simultaneously. In the similar way, the software vendors also get highly benefitted for pursuing the software as a service strategy. The software vendors

Case Study No. 1, McDonalds Senior Restaurant (p. 648)

No. 1, McDonalds Senior Restaurant (p. 648) - Case Study Exampleof McDonalds would not pain as a result of this strategy since the superior citizens flock the restaurant in the morning when young customers do not normally come.Lisa should encourage major(postnominal) citizens to come and enjoy their meals at McDonalds. This is because the restaurant would not want to be famous for its discrimination against its customer based on their age. Also the precedential customers usually leave before noon which is already a slow time for the restaurant. Lisa is getting a good opportunity for her slow time and should bank upon it. Since the senior customers spend as much as normal customers, she would not bewilder to worry about generating profits and sales for the restaurant.Bingo farinaceouss would be a suitable activity for senior citizens and would act as a promotional campaign to attract such customer (Clow and Baack, 2011). She could further use the idea of bingo game to her advant age. She could do this by allocating a special time for the bingo game, one when normal customers usually do not visit the restaurant. By doing this, Lisa would be ensuring that her senior customers prefer to come during this time and do not crowd the restaurant during the peak hours when young customers visit. Since young customers usually visit after noon, Lisa should not have to worry about crowding discouraging the young customers or that her restaurant would be labeled as an old peoples

Unit 4 Group Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 Group Project - Essay ExampleThe happen priority goes to factors like availability of career opportunities, nature of climatic conditions, status of crime rates, cost of living, educational, healthcare, transportation and entertainment facilities etc. These days, people are some(prenominal) conscious of the environmental concerns also and, therefore, like to live in cities that are pollution free. If one analyses the conditions in the city of San Diego from these perspectives it will come to fore that this wonderful city not only fulfills most of the conditions that make it a good dwelling option, but also has several other features that enhances it livability.Economic aspect is the stolon reflection for a person before taking a decision about the city he or she chooses to live in. People usually comprehend economic stability as the criteria towards a better way of life. Therefore, a city that offers ample career opportunities will attract people who are talented, and th ey in turn will contribute to its progress. San Diegos status as a blend of prospering industries like biotechnology, biosciences, computer and electronics, wireless cellular, submarine and shipbuilding, financial line of merchandise etc make it a hot favorite of skilled workforce. This aspect enhances its acceptance as one of the most livable cities in the US. Next basic consideration for a person while choosing a city to live in is the educational avenues available there. In this context, San Diego features the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), which offers high quality education with state of the cunning technological support. Apart from this, there are several other accredited schools and colleges, including law schools and museums. Located in beautiful Balboa Park, the Museum of San Diego History presents the colorful and diverse tarradiddle of the region, interpreting San Diegos growth since the 1840s. (Museum

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Law - Essay Example68). There are some cases where a fellowship includes an exclusion clause that states that they are exempted from every(prenominal) liability if things do not go as expected, which is under scrutiny because m whatsoever people have argued that it only works to protect one party (Bradgate and White, 2007, p. 64). There have also been arguments relating to cases where an exclusion clause should be deemed unf propagate as per UCTA-Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. The court of appeal in April 15 2008 overruled a high court termination in the case of Regus Ltd v Epcot Solutions Ltd that had suppliers raise their concerns due to an exclusion clause. In this case, the court of appeal came up with factors that should be put into consideration while deciding whether an exclusion clause is valid or not (Hayward, 2011, p. 43). The case facts were that a supplier company Regus relied on an exclusion clause that stated that Regus would be exempted from liabilities that woul d occur under any circumstances. In addition, an opposite clause limited Regus liability to ?50,000 for any other types of damages. Epcot were Regus customers and they complained about air conditioning in their offices. Regus did not act and, therefore, Epcot stopped paying for the charges of their services as per the contract. Thus, Regus sued Epcot for the amount that was due, while Epcot on their part argued that when Regus failed to provide air conditioning, it resulted to a breach of contract. They counterclaimed for damages that had resulted from Regus actions for causing low profits, low opportunities for their business, inconvenience and distress because of not having air conditioning. In order for Regus to win, the case held the responsibility of proving that their exclusion clause was enforceable and fair as per Unfair Contract Terms act 1977. The high court judges ruled that even though it may look theoretically reasonable for Regus to exempt themselves from liability fo r profit loss, the clause in this case was too wide to be enforceable. The clause did not leave Epcot with any remedy for the service of air conditioning and was, therefore, invalid and unenforceable. Regus appealed arguing that the high court judges were wrong in saying that the exemption clause was counterintuitive as per unfair contract terms act of 1977. The court of appeal decided in favour of the defendants, thereby reversing the high courts decision (Andrews, 2011, p. 76). The UCTA plays the role of protecting parties that are contracting from contractual provisions that are onerous like limitation and exclusion clauses. UCTA states limits to which liability for breach of contract and other types of breach of duty can be avoided through an exemption clause. When an exclusion clause fails to meet the restrictions that are stated in UCTA, it is held to be invalid and, therefore, unenforceable. such(prenominal) a clause is held to be unreasonable and unfair to the other contrac ting party. Section 3 of UCTA is, in particular, vital while dealing with business contracts peculiarly where a supplier is involved (Gillies, 2004, p. 93). This section states that a clause that is deemed to exclude liability of a supplier for breaching a contract can only be enforceable if it passes the test of reasonability. Reasonable test is described in section 11 (1) of UCTA as circumstances that are reasonable and that are known or are to be known by the contracting parties. UCTA schedule 2 has a list of factors that are to be used in assessing reasonability, which are ordinarily

Paper about TANF known by americans as welfare Essay

Paper ab surface TANF known by americans as benefit - Essay ExampleIt advocates the need for jobs, marriages, two parent families and also tries to prevent out of marriage pregnancies. Sharon hay through her book Flat Broke with Children gives us an interesting insight into the world of the social workers who aid in carrying out the welfare course of studys under TANF and also tell us the story from the view points of those who receive the aid. TANF which came in place of the Emergency Assistance program (EA), the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (JOBS) was a welcome change to the social workers who all were involved with various welfare organizations throughout the United States of America. As Hays (2004) points out most of welfare caseworkers I met were optimistic about the new law, at least in the first year of its enactment.....a number of case workers, let loose popular sentiment, told me that welfare had become a trap and the clients had become dependent (Hays, 2004, p. 4). So the social workers felt that to impart training to the poor clients and make them suitable for various jobs would be a change of scenario, both for the worker and the recipient. However as Hays incites through the various phases of this program and meets various clients and aid workers everyplace an extended period of time she finds many pitfalls in this assistance program. Though facts and figures prove that this program is a resounding success but as we travel with Hays we find that not everything is as rosy as it seems. Her research work which nearly extended for about three years gives us, in vivid details, as to the happenings in the various welfare program offices and in the homes of the recipients of this aid. She explores the various social values that this aid program tries to instill in its recipients and the inherent contradictions that bone while trying to apply these values in every day

Assess the economic benefits of Globalisation to developing countries Essay

Assess the economic benefits of Globalisation to developing countries inside recent years - Essay Example3M (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing) would lose more than 53% of its revenues if the American government asks them to restrict their operations within the United States (Barrera, pp. 17, 2007).Exxon Mobil is an American firm but it receives only 25 percent of its yearly revenues from operations within the United States (Welfens, 102-103, 1999). Finnish employees no longer form the majority at Nokias head quarter, which is a Finland based company surprisingly, employees from China and India dominate the verse (Chatterji & Gangopadhyay, 89-93, 2005). Honda, a Japanese automobile maker, has its biggest production plant in Ohio. When Pakistani government decided to impose a 25% duty on the outcome of cell phones, Nokia (Finnish company), Sony Eriksson (Japanese cum Swedish company), Samsung and LG (South Korean Companies) came into action and found ways to persuade the Pakistani government not to do so (Scholte, pp. 22-25, 2000).These were just a few glimpses and examples that how globalisation has affected each one of us. However, today we do not realize or feel that with such intensity but approximately of the products that we consume today, are manufactured or processed in strange lands, millions of miles away, lands that we have never seen or heard of. The rest of this paper is an attempt to asses the do and changes brought by globalisation considering the specially the economic grounds.Despite the fact that there several definitions of globalisation but in its broadest sense, globalisation refers to the rapid growth of linkages and interconnections amongst nations and social communities that make up the present world system (Barrera, pp. 17, 2007). It is important to note that in economic terms globalisation has many forms. Firstly, it involves and facilitates trade surrounded by individuals, companies, corporations and

Global Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Entrepreneurship - Essay ExampleThe scientific management resulted in great evolution of US business and the renewing management and sub division of labor helped the US business to grow at faster pace than the rest of the world. Research and development, mass production, efficiency and increase wages for the labors also provided adequate boost to the American business and the vast growing firms geographically expanded and took over the European markets through their corporate Americanization. At the same time, problems emerge in the system like agency problems, separation of control from the ownership, unrelated diversification, etc. US businesses stay sustainable through revolution and change management however economic meltdown obliges them to downsize. German business system has been able to sustain the non-price sensitive markets through collective bargains and consensus management and their elemental focus is on long term strategy of production and export.UK business system is also quite similar to that and follows long term strategic planning. In the UK, businesses tend to expand geographically like that of US corporations e.g. Tesco, BT, etc. French business system is driven by functionality and rigid hierarchy and is found to a greater extent directive than collaborative. The focus is to produce and supply hi tech products to the international markets. European business systems endeavor to stay sustainable in the economic crisis through strategic management that helps them to cope up the crisis like merging, joint venturing, co-branding, etc.

How Was Successful Nazi Policy In The Years 1933 - 1945 Essay

How Was Successful Nazi Policy In The Years 1933 - 1945 - Essay ExampleTwo major groups bind the juvenility of the nation during the reign of Nazis. These groups comprise the Hitler youth group and league of the German maidens. In the youth group under the reign of Hitler led Nazi Germany, boys at the age of 10 were influenced to join the Jungvolk. At the age of 14, it is expected that the boys will join the Hitler youth committee. The Hitler led Nazi mainly focused towards enhancing the physical fitness along with proper military training for the youth right from the very beginning of the Nazi era. In addition, the membership of the youth in the Nazi attempt made compulsory for the boys. On the other hand, League of the German Maidens predominately included the German girls. Nazi led German was also focused towards providing training to the teenagers so that they could join the Nazi defense force. Hitler also instructed schools that the girls should be taught about Nationalist a s well as racist beliefs so that they could embed well into the Nazi culture. In this particular regard, Hitler started the youth movement where the young girls of age 10-14 needed to learn the ideologies of Nazi along with other activities such as camping and sportsman among others so that they could be able to get physical fitness and enhance the prospects of future Nazi soldier. The Hitler led Nazi Germany considered the youth of the country to be among the close vital assets. Contextually, they attempted to control girls and embed them into the Nazi culture right from the beginner stage.

Cross cultural management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Cross cultural management - Essay ExampleTesco plans to penetrate the Indian marketplace through Tatas Trent Hypermarket Limited. To understand possibility of success of the joint venture, the paper will provide analysis of national and organizational culture in India and make use of of goods and services international joint venture theory and Trompenaars model of differences in culture.Foreign investment is one way that multinational companies expand their operations with figure of maximizing profits. While some bewilder succeeded in raising their profit margins, some multinational companies have failight-emitting diode to realize that cause and considered withdrawal. Multinational companies also use foreign investment as an opportunity to popularize and familiarize their products in the rich global market (Hatten 2012, pg. 27). To enter a foreign market, multinational companies have employed various strategies that include foreign direct investment, acquisition of foreign-base d business and partnership.Cultural barriers and differences between the home and foreign market constitute one of the great challenges faced by most multinational companies seeking to invest in the countries. Harmonizing, adapting home, and foreign culture have proved a hurdle to some companies, which has led to poor performances in the target markets. Tesco is one of the multinational companies that currently target the Indian market. In fact, Tesco has succeeded through all the processes and is ready to begin its operations in the Indian market. Tesco is the first multi-brand handler to succeed in penetrating the Indian market. This has been due to the recent review in Indian foreign investment truth that barred multi-brand companies from sourcing supplies from their foreign-based markets, but instead collaborates with Indian local manufacturers to supply goods. The review of the law now allows liberal ground for foreign multi-brand handlers to source supplies from their

International business and International Trade Coursework

International business and International Trade - Coursework ExampleThe competition is increased globally since companies look for the trump suppliers offering high quality at low prices, search for international human talents and acquire the best possible know-how in order to satisfy emend their customers ingests. As a result of the above mentioned the cooperation of countries is expanded. The countries understood that may gain reciprocal advantages, they can react to problems better when they work together with other countries sort of than trying to solve the problems alone. Lastly, the countries with globalization main deal with issues e.g. environmental issues that ar not in their territory. 2. After summarizing the positive and negative aspects of offshoring, state whether you support or are against offshoring and why. Include any experiences you or someone you know has had in which offshoring is affected. improvements in technology will put one across as a result the need for fewer employees to accomplish the same task/work, particularly for the less skilled jobs that are easiest to offshore. (Hackos, 2004). The technology improvements will help companies to reduce their costs and gum olibanum reduce prices or invest the saved money in Research and Development. As a result, companies will grow and therefore will raise their vocation rate and at the same time, they will increase highly paid positions in their countries. Another positive aspect of offshoring is that the poverty level in scant(p) countries has been decreased. This allowed them to decrease their unemployment rate and consequently, people have more income to dispose of thus imports from rich countries have been increased i.e. the decrease of the poverty level in forgetful countries is beneficial both for the poor and the rich countries. The negative aspects are the following the product prices are not reduced although the production costs are diminished. Jobs are replaced and working conditions are deteriorated. Jobs in poor countries are low paid. When a country asks for more then the Multinational Companies move to somewhere else, somewhere cheaper. Countries that have benefited from offshoring are China and India whereas the rest of the other underdeveloped countries remain in poverty. According to Joseph Stiglitz, during the last yeast of the last century, the number of people living in poverty conditions has increased by 100 million.(Daniels, Radebaugh & Sullivan, 2007) A personal experience that I have is a person I know in Greece. He had been working for the local cotton industry which was blooming in the country fifteen years ago producing excellent cotton.

The Confessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Confessions - Essay ExampleUsing mental forces, such as tricks, lies and the instilment of fear in the individual in question, a majority of the law officers lie to suspects as a way to intimidate them, or trick them into saying the truth. Even so, physical force is prohibited in the search for answers, and as the situation presented, it is in consequence arguable that the lies, loudness, and fear-instilling motives of the police officers are completely justified. The usual criminal approaches that are logical and ethical are non baccate in any given contexts, and so the use of unconventional ways, being as fruitful as it is, is justified for the law, but unjustified for the criminals. The Miranda rights of criminals are non only waived to them, because this is the logically accepted process of interrogation, but rather because suspects are merely suspects. At times, they may be innocent, whereas in other incidences they are guilty of the allegations tabled against them. Th e Miranda rights of the suspects give him an opportunity to pursue his right to silence, because most of the innocent suspects may incriminate themselves of other crimes that are not part of the investigation. The Miranda rights offer suspects protection from agony by the law enforcing agencies and agents. The Miranda rights thus prove that a suspect is innocent until proven guilty (Ofra, 2000). A constitutional right awarded to any individual surmise as a strategy to abide by the constitution, and as such, suspects possess rights to securing lawyers prior to answering any questions asked by police officers as their democratic granting immunity of speech and expression. Criminals in the contemporary society are wiser than they were decades ago. Criminals are able to wipe out evidence of their guilt from the crime scene, and the DNA not matching. This shows that the criminals were every not guilty, or were very wise and tactful in the execution of the crime. Secondly, the suspects displayed signs of guilt all through the entire investigation. The DNA results of the hair and bodily fluids did not equate the dupe from having pursued sexual or physical intimacy with another individual prior to the occurrence of the crime. Such occurrences cannot be brushed by mildly on the contention that none of the DNA samples matched up with the four suspects DNA (Ofra, 2000). The questioning of Dick had also raised new information pertaining to the cause, such as the admittance of guilt and the implication of Erick, and the rest of the suspects, who already displayed signs of guilt of the murder of Michelle Boseko. The contention that the suspects committed the crime is because of the confessions by Dick Erick, Williams and the other political party made, as a way to take away guilt from their consciousness. According to Williams lawyer, no one can admit to a crime that was not committed, and with all suspects confessing to murder, none of the parties involved in the case , from the prosecution to the jury, believed that the individuals were innocent. Additionally, with their confessions being critical, the suspects might have committed the crime previously, though it did not lead to the murder of the victim or had the will or desire to commit a crime against the victim. Several other parties might have contributed to the dismissal of the logical evidence presented by the forensics department, which include the jury, the suspects and the lawyers as well. With their clients confessing to crimes that they were purposely instructed not to

Self Reliance Paper Essay Example for Free

Self Reliance Paper EssayPart IAuthor- The germ of this put down is Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. Audience- The consultation of Self-reliance would be people reading Emersons literary works around the year 1841. Also, Self-reliance was a speech before it became an essay so many people listening to Emerson speak at events would have most likely heard it. He is targeting his audience at young and medium aged men. Message- The message of this essay is that humanity should trust themselves and not be slaves to society. They need to think and act for themselves instead of lede lives controlled by others. Context- Self-reliance was written around 1836 in America. Emersons wife had just died some five years before and he was preparing a serial publication of lectures. America was a new place for people and ideas and Emerson flourished there because he could take advantage o f the easily influenced minds of the Americans.Part IIa) The claim that Emerson effectively advances is that humans should not conform to society, but rather they should think for themselves and believe in what they do. He writes, To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private pump is true for all men, that is genius. This quote supports Emersons main argument that each person should think for themselves and to not just accept what is written in a history or literary book. Emerson plays on the readers pathos, or emotions, by saying, Trust thyself every heart vibrates to that iron string. This statement appeals to the reader because Emerson is creating a bond between his words and the reader by relating to the audience on a personal level and telling the audience to trust them. Emerson uses logic by stating, Who so would be a man must be a nonconformist.Emerson feels that to be a man, one must not conform to the format traffic circle out by socie ty. He believes that a man should follow his own ideas and beliefs instead of conforming to the popular belief. Ethos is appealed because Emerson is a very well respected author who has published well over dozens of essays. b) Emerson implements many rhetorical devices in his essay such as parallelism, diction, and repetition to further advance his argument of organism independent and not conforming to society.Emerson uses parallelism by stating that, Envy is ignorance the imitation is suicide. This quote is very powerful because it conveys the message that a man is only what he makes of himself, not what others make of him. Throughout his essay, Emerson uses outstanding language to control the audience. Using great diction is very effective because the audience trusts Emerson because of his knowledge of literature. Finally, Emerson uses repetition to prove his point almost society. Emerson starts a sentence off with the word Society, and then starts the very next sentence with t he same word. He is talking about how society is a conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members, and without repeating the word society the point would be not as effective.Part terzettoThis argument is overall effective because as a reader, I was captivated by his language and examples of how society was affecting the human person. The text is very weighty because he provides clear and well throughout examples to support his main argument. This is a very well written essay and it has led me to question my own beliefs about society and whether it is positive or negative. When he stated that every person must trust thyself, it was really effective for me because I believe every angiotensin-converting enzyme person needs to trust their actions and believe that what they are doing is right.Part IVAdmonition- An act or action of admonishing authoritative counsel or informNaught- worthless uselessFirmament- the vault or arch of the skyBards- a tribal poet-singer skilled in composing and reciting verses on heroes and their deedsVanity- something that is vain, empty, or valueless

Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Essay Example for Free

Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong EssayEvery integrity in Hong Kong should have heard of the mainland parallel-goods traders who discriminated by the topical anaesthetic citizens. The MTR Corporations pertly policy setting hold to the weight of the luggage and the demonstration against the traders held by the local citizens ar some of the evidences showing the discrimination against the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong (Lee Lo, 2012). Actually, the mainland Chinese remittal in Hong Kong faces lots of barriers in diffe split aspects. check to the United Nation, the living standard of a muckle testament be degraded by the complaisant, political, environmental, cultural and economic barriers (The United Nation, 1976). This essay will discuss the barriers occurred, the response by antithetical stakeholders and the Hong Kong governments role in this issue.The reason wherefore the mainland Chinese migrates to Hong Kong may help understand the issue. In 1962, the Hong Kong governm ent adopted the Touch Base Policy, which allowed the mainland Chinese arriving the city ara to settle in Hong Kong. Since on that point was starvation in China at that time, thousands of people who were strong and young migrated to Hong Kong by swimming and climbing the hill. They devoted themselves to work for the factories and increased the productivity of frail industry (The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding, 2001). Due to the booming economy of Hong Kong and the introduction of the Basic Law in 1997, many mainland Chinese came and gave birth to their children to enjoy the right of stay on in Hong Kong (Ming Pao, 2011). Therefore, the two main purposes for the mainland Chinese to settle in Hong Kong argon working and enjoying the welf ar.The social barriers faced by people are defined by the lack of help from the high society, the exclusion from the welfare and the disconnection from the social network (The United Nation, 1976). As mentioned above, the mainland Chinese settle in Hong Kong to enjoy the benefit provided by the government. However, the one who does not have the right of abode cannot enjoy the welfare. The most familiar case is the difference in the fee of medical checkup assistance. The charge of the service of accident and emergency for the local citizen is $100 per attendance while that of people with no right of abode charges $570 per attendance which is five times to the local one (Hospital Authority, 2007).This shows that the mainland Chinese staying in Hong Kong less than 7 years cannot enjoy the medical services at the lowest cost. Even the mainland Chinese with the right of abode cannot to the full enjoy the welfare of the society. Consider the free education provided to the children with the right of abode, it is obvious that the mainland children in Hong Kong may have difficulties in learning using English and Cantonese which are not their mother tongue (Caritas Hong Kong- Tsuen Wan alliance Centre, 1998). There is no extra resource to help the migrated children to adapt to the learning environment which is different from that of mainland China.beyond the social barriers are the economic barriers, which are known as the lack of participation in production, trading and consumption (The United Nation, 1976). Another purpose of settling in Hong Kong is to get the employment opportunity as stated above. However, it is difficult for the mainland Chinese to celebrate a job in Hong Kong. According to the report conducted by the Hong Kong government, the employment rate of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong was 45.7%, lower than the overall employment rate in Hong Kong (60.3%) in 2006 (Hong Kong Government, 2007). This can be caused by their small social network and low education level of the migrated mainland Chinese.Moreover, in that location are not many types of work they can choose. 82% of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong was having works with low-technique in 2006 (Hong Kong Government, 2007). As the mainland Chinese are of low education level with few techniques for work, most of them work as sales assistants but not technician. This implies that the mainland Chinese has a relative low chance to earn high profit in Hong Kong. Actually, the income rate of the mainland Chinese are much lower than that of the local citizens. The average of income of the mainland Chinese is around $6000 while that of the local citizens is $10000 (Hong Kong Government, 2007). Having a low income set them into living occupation as they may have difficulty in purchasing necessity, paying utilities expense and paying for the meal.Getting low income not unless overhauls to the difficulty in buy food and stuff, but also leads to the residential problem. The environmental barriers mean the poor living condition of the residents and the negative atmosphere of the environment (The United Nation, 1976). According to the report of Society for Community Organization in 2009, the median of monthly re nt of bed space apartment is $1265 and that of suite is $2300 (Society for Community Organization, 2009). If the mainland Chinese chooses to rent a bed space apartment or a suite, they will spend a large part of their income to live in an area with poor condition. They can also choose to rent the public trapping or purchase their nonpublic house, but this will cost them more which they may not afford. Moreover, the characteristic of the district they lived may create negative feeling to the mainland Chinese.If you are living in a city that was degraded by many people, you will probably become sad all days. Actually, when the mainland Chinese rent the public housing in Hong Kong, they may often be allocated to the Western part of New Territory, as it is the new developed town with more space. The problem faced by the mainland Chinese when they are settling will create sad emotion which will be accumulated. This leads to the high rate of unemployment, suicide and family fury and also leads to the name of city of sadness for Tin Shui Wai (Chang, 2007). Fung is an example described in the program of the New Magazine. She is a mainland woman settled in Hong Kong for 10 years with no husband and she find it hard to live in Tin Shui Wai as there are many cases similar to hers (New Magazine, 2007). It is obvious that the mainland Chinese may face both physical and mental barriers raised by the environment.In concord with the environmental barriers, the mainland Chinese may face cultural barriers. It is somewhat the loss of the acceptance of their cultures and behaviors from the society (The United Nation, 1976). While you are walking on the street, you may have the experience that the Chinese near you are not saying the same language compared to yours or do not familiar with Cantonese. Actually, many migrated mainland Chinese has their only accent or dialect. From the data of the Population enumerate 2011, 5.3% of the resident in Hong Kong spoke Putonghua or ot her Chinese dialect (Hong Kong Government, 2012). This leads to the obstruction for them to communicate with the local citizens.Moreover, the habits of the mainland Chinese are different from that of the local people. For example, there are many cases of corruption in the mainland and the residents there usually bribe the government officers or the manager of the company to enjoy services earlier than others or obtain other benefits. When the mainland Chinese settles in Hong Kong, they cannot change this practice which is not accepted here immediately. Therefore, they will be discriminated by the local citizens when they want to take form the queue by giving extra money (Ming Pao, 2012). Obviously, such behaviors may create discrimination against the mainland Chinese and they may find it hard to communicate with the local citizens.Above the previous four kinds of barriers is the political barrier. Political barriers occur when people are excluded in the procedure of establishing p olicies as no one can hold them to fight for their right (The United Nation, 1976). In the case of migrated Chinese, they only have the permanent right of abode and so the voting right in legislative Council and District Council when they live in Hong Kong for more than 7 years (Hong Kong Government, 1997). Therefore, if they only live for less than 7 years, they cannot exercise their voting right to vote for the councilor who is automatic to strive for their interests. most may argue that there are still some councilors, who consider the right of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong, however as there are too few councilors representing them, it is likely that the councilors cannot align the decision making in the council to the rights of the mainland Chinese.From the above, we find different barriers faced by the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong with different nature. Whether they should be included in the Hong Kong society has come to a controversial issue surrounded by the groups that advocate and the groups that oppose.Citizens should tolerate the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong as they are only of different values with us. the former chief executive Donald Tsang said (RTHK, 2012). This is one of the points that support their inclusion in Hong Kong. As the mainland Chinese was adapted to their habits in China, they cannot change their mind step right after they settled in Hong Kong. It is rude to repel them just because their behaviors are different from us.Moreover, Hong Kong is an international city consisted of people come from different cities or countries. It is the common practice for the Hong Kong citizens to treat people with different race in the same way to encourage cultural diversification. If we only turn respect to the white but detest the mainland Chinese, an image that Hong Kong is not a city that can include all kinds of groups may be created. This may probably damage the reputation and discredit the name of travellers paradise of Hong Kong. One of the possible outcomes is the decrease in amount of travellers and investment in Hong Kong and this will lead to the decrease in social benefits as well.Furthermore, exclusion of them in Hong Kong will create negative emotions to the society. When there are people blaming the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong, it will usually create war between local Chinese and mainland Chinese. We can easily find posters and articles posted by them to insult each other on the Internet. People supporting each side will also organize campaigns that dishonor another side and this will aggravate conflict in the society (Ming Pao, 2011). Another negative impact raised by the exclusion is the deadly tragedy of mainland Chinese. When the mainland Chinese cannot settle down properly and are scorned by the Hong Kong people, sadness will accumulate. As there are not enough resources for the assistance or counseling to the mainland Chinese, they may try to solve the problem by themselves. The solutions usuall y include improper behaviors like committing suicide. This kind of negative news does cast a shadow on the society.On the other hand, there are groups that oppose the inclusion of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong. Firstly, they state that the mainland Chinese should respect the unique culture of Hong Kong. For example, some of the citizens think that the main language used by Hong Kong people should be Cantonese. Also, they may think that there are some hidden rules which are sometimes broken by the mainland should be kept up, such as queuing, talking softly in public area, and no eating on the train. If many mainland Chinese enters or settles in Hong Kong, they may influence the cowcatcher culture of Hong Kong and make the society worse as they image.Secondly, Hong Kong is already very crowded that there should not be more people settle down. According to the world record, Mongkok is the most crowded place in the world and its average population density is 130 thousands. The public t ransports and facilities in Hong Kong are also fully used by the local citizens. If more mainland Chinese settle down here, a lot of place in Hong Kong will become more jammed and this will create extra demand of the provision of public transportation.Thirdly, the mainland Chinese will use up the limited resources which originally belong to the local citizens. For instance, the medical services provided for the pregnant woman are limited, as there are limited doctors and bed in the public hospitals. Although the charges of the public medical services for the mainland Chinese are much high, the mainland Chinese is still willing to give birth in order to enjoy higher service quality and evade the penalty under the one-child policy.Under this circumstance, the doctors will become more stressful and not enough public medical services will be provided to the local women. Some says that, the foreign migrants settled in Hong Kong may also use up the limited resources however, the popula tion of the China is very large compared to other countries (Li Lok, 2012). If we advocate the inclusion of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong, large amount of the mainland will rush to Hong Kong for varied reasons and the situation will be completely different compared to the case of the foreign migrants.We could find different points of view in the society which have already listed above and it is the government responsibility to balance between the opinions of the citizens for or against the inclusion of mainland Chinese.The most all important(predicate) thing needed to redeem the reputation of Hong Kong is to help the mainland Chinese overcomes their barriers faced in Hong Kong. To deal with the economic barriers, the government should help the mainland Chinese to find jobs with higher income by promoting their competitiveness. To begin with, the government can allocate more resources to the community centers for them to organize language and practical skill workshops which can enr ich the abilities of the mainland Chinese so that they can attract the local employers. In addition, the government can take the initiative opening up more positions for the mainland Chinese to apply so that the private firms will follow and this will create job opportunity for them.To solve the social barriers, the government can appoint the school to create a purify learning environment for the mainland children by adopting small class teaching of the English lesson or making tutorial class for them. This relies on the extra resources given by the government to help the children enjoy the education more effectively. To deal with the cultural barriers the mainland Chinese faced, the government should force them to abolish their bad customs. Specifically, the government should produce more advertisements near the moral standard of Hong Kong citizens which can be broadcast on TV and radio so that the migrated mainland Chinese will be influenced and follow our practices.not only the mainland Chinese should be educated, but also the local residents should be inculcated about the equality of people with different cultures. As the economist said, good institutions continuously align self-interest with the social interest (Cowen Tabarrok, 2011). It is known that globalization encourages the movement of people from their countries of origin to another places. It will become more common that the mainland Chinese settles in Hong Kong as the relationship between Hong Kong and Chinese become closer.Therefore, it is for the social interest that local citizens should accept the existence of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong so that the conflicts in the society will be alleviated. To fulfill this social interest, institutions to the public should be introduced. The government should first strengthen the citizenship education about inclusion of mainland Chinese for the radical and secondary school students as they are the pillar of the society. Then, the government should p roduce more TV programs and large campaigns to change the whole atmosphere of the society. Actually, there are some programs on the TV promoting equally treatment to the mainland Chinese like Southern and northern, one of the episode of the program in RTHK talking about the difficulties faced by the migrated Chinese woman in Hong Kong (RTHK, 2011).As citizens in Hong Kong, we must be aware of the existence of mainland Chinese. There are increasing potence that the China will overtake Hong Kong to become a city with high CGDP. There is also globalization encouraging the inflow of mainland Chinese. Inclusion of mainland Chinese is a must in the 21st century and we should confront to the problem existed to alleviate the conflicts in the society. It is found that there are economic, political, social, cultural and environmental barriers faced by the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong. There are also increasing discussion on whether we should advocate the inclusion of them. When it comes to t he benefits of the public, the government should act as the lubricant between groups with different opinions and create a harmonious atmosphere. In the coming future, it is possible that there is no discrimination against the mainland Chinese and they may become part of the Hong Kong. university extensionCaritas Hong Kong- Tsuen Wan Community Centre. (1998). The research on the view of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong by the local citizens. Hong Kong Tsuen Wan Community Centre. Chang, D. (2007, 12 14). Tin Shui Wai City of Sadness. Asia Sentinel. Cowen,T., Tabarrok, A. (2011). neo principle of Economics. Worth Publishers. Hong Kong Government. (1997). The Basic Law. Hong Kong Hong Kong Government. Hong Kong Government. (2007). The recent employment state of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Hong Kong Government. Hong Kong Government. (2012, 9 7). Usual Residents Aged 5 and Over by epoch of Residence in Hong Kong, Sex, Nationality and Usual Language, 2011. Retrieved fr om Population Census 2011 http//www.census2011.gov.hk/en/main-table/F118.html Hospital Authority. (2007). Fees and Charges. Retrieved from Hospital Authority website http//www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10045Lang=ENGDimension=100Parent_ID=10044Ver=HTML Lee,A., Lo, C. (2012, 10 6). MTRs new weight limit aimed at mainland traders. South China Morning Post. Li,C., Lok, A. (2012, 2 3). Hong Kong demonstration against mainland Chinese. Epoch Times. Ming Pao. (2011, 5 5). Little cost but large benefit for the mainland woman to give birth in Hong Kong. Ming Pao. Ming Pao. (2011, 10 23). Pregnant women demonstrate against the mainland children born in Hong Kong. Ming Pao. Ming Pao. (2012, 1 19). the local citiznes and mainland Chinese argue in the public hospital. Ming Pao. New Magazine. (2007). dwelling in Tin Shui Wai.RTHK. (2011). Southern and Northern.RTHK. (2012, 2 9). The confidence to the Hong Kong citizens of the tolerance to the mainland Chinese. RTHK. Soc iety for Community Organization. (2009). Research on rental problem of bedspace apartment and suite. Hong Kong Society for Community Organization. The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding. (2001). History of Hong Kong Special Autonomous Region. Retrieved from The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding website http//www.sacu.org/hongkong.html The United Nation. (1976, 5-6). United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II). Retrieved 11 2012, from the United Nations website http//www.un.org/Conferences/habitat/

Disadvantage of democracy Essay Example for Free

Disadvantage of democracy EssayThe primary disadvantages of democracy be a general pretermit of accountability, the prospect of personal interest becoming the predominant factor in decisions, and negative financial implications. A democracy lays the power to make decisions in the pass on of the majority. This, ironically, places an emphasis on both individual and crowd power. A group controls the decision-making process, but an influential individual can control the group. The issue with democracy, in antagonism of the power of the people to control the decision-making process, is that there is no sense of accountability when the group makes a decision that turns out to be a bad one. level(p) particularly influential individuals in the group who may countenance persuaded the majority to vote for what led to the bad decision is free from blame because, ultimately, everyone in the group is responsible for his or her choice. In this way democracy, although a group-oriented ap proach, can become very much roughly what individuals believe is best for themselves and not for the majority. This type of decision-making similarly can be very expensive and have negative financial implications. First, a considerable amount of money can be spent in persuading voters to support an idea or cause. Second, voters may embrace an idea or cause, much(prenominal) as lowering taxes, because it sounds ideal when, in practice, it could lead to financial disaster. Disadvantages of park wealthinessMaking the wrong choiceIn a democratic kingdom, it is the common man who has the supreme right to choose their legislature and their prevailing authorities. As per a general study, not all the people atomic number 18 completely conscious of the political circumstances in their nation. The common masses may not be acquainted of the political matters in their society. This may lead to common man taking an erroneous s option during election.Authorities May Lose focusAs the govern ment is bound to changes and modification after each election tenure, the authorities may function with a interim objective. Since they have to go through an election procedure after the conclusion of each tenure, they may lose focus on functioning effectively for the citizens andinstead might concentrate on taking elections.Hordes Have InfluenceA further disadvantage of democracy is that hordes can manipu novel citizens. People may vote in support of a companionship under the pressure of the bulk. Constrained or influenced by the ideas of those around, an individual may not put across his/her accurate judgment.Democracy averts radicalism and encourages teamwork and synchronization. It also slows things down, stops those in authority doing what they wish regardless of the majoritys desires. Since the multitude incursion into the Nigerian political scene on January 15, 1966, all the woes of this country are hardened on the war machine. Most Nigerians do not want to hear the word military. They see the military as synonymous with evil. But does the military exemplify evil? Colonel Muamma Gaddafi is a military officer who seized power from the Libyan Monarch in 1969. Colonel Muamma Gaddafi as a military attraction, was able to transform Libya to the envy of the cutledge domain so much that other nationals including Nigerians are queuing at the Libyan embassy for her visa.Under a military leadership in Libya, Nigerians are rushing to the country on a daily basis because the country has a lower inflation of 1% than that of Nigeria which is 20% and a per capita of $8,400 while Nigerias per capital is $50. If military government is synonymous with evil, why are Nigerians running from a country that is under urbane rule to a country which is under a military leader? Ghana, our neighbouring West African country was also transformed from a corrupt and poverty stricken nation it was, to a transparent and an accountable nation by a military officer, Flight lieu tenant, John Jerry Rawlings. At the moment, Nigerians are running to live in Ghana because the country has change tremendously in hurt of economy and infrastructural development.Ghana has also attained democratic growth and stability having transited from one democratically elected government to another two times. However, let us now compare and contrast the difference between military and civil rules in Nigeria. Nigeria gained independence from Britain on October 1, 1960. Out of the 50 years of Nigerias worldly concern as an independentnation, the military has ruled the country for 29 years. Within the 29 years the military ruled the country, 3 years were used to quest after the Nigerian civil war, between 1967 to 1970, this means the military actually spent 26 years to rule the country. Out of the 50 years of the nations existence, civilians have ruled for 21 years. So, the difference between the years the military have ruled the country and those of civilians nine years. The questions one is asking are, if the military has done for(p) the country within the space of 29 years as claimed by the civil leaders, cant the civil leaders repair it within a space of 21 years?How long does it take to repair what is damaged? What has the civilian leaders be able to remedy since they have been ruling the country? Since Nigeria returned to democracy in 1999, we are still hearing the same old song by politicians, You know the military have destroyed the country and you know that it is not easy to repair what has been destroyed. I find this excuse unacceptable to the Nigerian people because something that was destroyed can be repaired. For instance, Germany, France, Austria etc were devastated during the first and warrant World War but today they have rebuilt to enviable status. Of all the things the military destroyed, which of them has the civilian leaders been able to put right? Some politicians who are out to deceive the poor masses will say that the finish up civilian regime is better than military regime.But is it always true that the worst civilian regime is better than military regime? Politicians are also quick to say that at least we can talk now that we are in a civilian regime and that we could not talk during the military administrations. I found this argument very amusing because our mouths were not muzzled by the military during their administrations. I make bold to say that we spoke more during the military administrations than we do today because then we all saw the military as our common enemy and were united to fight against them. There were so many civil society organizations such as field Democratic Coalition (NADECO) which was headed by late Pa Adekunle Ajasin, Campaign for Democracy headed by late Dr. Beko Ransom Kuti, Civil Liberties Organization headed by former President of Nigerian Bar Association ( NBA ), Olisa Agbakoba (SAN), Afenifere, the Yoruba socio- h immersehen group headed by late Pa Abraham Adesanya, Ass ociation of Senior lag Union of Universities, headed by the INEC Chairman, Professor Atahiru Jega, Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (PENGASSAN ), headed by Chief Frank Ovie Kokori etc.These civil society groups spoke openly against the ills of the military and sent them back to the barracks. At that time too, journalists booked in revolutionary journalism which made the press very vibrant and added impetus to the voice of the masses. During the military era, television and radio topographic points were mostly have by both states and the federal governments. DAAR communications, owner of African Independent Television and Ray power Radio station and Minaj television and FM radio station which started in 1994 were the only privately owned broadcast organizations in the country, the rest belonged to both the states and federal governments. Would the governments have allowed the masses to use their media to criticize them? There is no government that all ows such a thing in any part of the world. Let us assume that we did not talk during military administrations, what have we achieved since 1999 that we have been talking? Have those who claimed to be representing us both in the State Houses of Assembly and the National Assembly ever taken our advise?We said the National Assembly should pass the Freedom of Information Bill into law, have they done it since it was introduced into the house? We said the Justice Mohammed Uwais recommendations on Electoral Reform be adopted by the National Assembly, have they adopted them? The Federal judicature has earmarked 6.6 billion towards the celebration of Nigerias 50th anniversary, which the masses condemned in totality, yet the Federal Government is bent on wasting such amount of money on the celebration of failure. Will the States and Federal Governments ever listen to the masses? We said the massive allowances our so call representatives are receiving should be reduced, did they agree to r educe their allowances? A senator receives 45 cardinal allowance quarterly, while each member of the House of Representatives receives 27.2 million allowance quarterly. Each senator receives 500 million constituency development allowance yearly which is not accounted for.Their salaries and other benefits are not included these allowances. Is there justification for such huge allowances considering the fact that they sit for 180 days in a year? Can we say with a sense of pride that the lives of Nigerians have improved positively since we returned to democracy in 1999? Let me make it clear that democracy is not just about having freedom to talk, it goes beyond mere talking. Democracy is about quality leadership that translatesinto accelerated development and growth in all areas of human aspirations. Democracy goes beyond just having civilians in government. Any administration, be it military or civil government that cannot better or improve the lives of the people is a monumental fai lure. The main purpose of governance is to coordinate and harness the wealth of the people for an effective development that will enhance the standard of living of the people.Have we seen such achievements and development since 1999? Let us compare and contrast civil administrations since 1999 till date and military administrations from 1985 till 1999 when the military handed over the reins of power to civilians. We shall start this comparison with the economy. Before the civilians took over government in 1999, a 50 kg bag of rice was sold for N2,500, today it is selling for N8,000. A small bag of beans that was sold for N1,800, now sells for as much as N7,000. Is this not outrageous. Before the commencement of the Obasanjos regime in 1999, Nigerians were able to eat twice daily. Morning and night, which was popularly called one zero-one. At present, most Nigerians eat once daily, which is popularly called zero one- zero.Is this not regression? If the agricultural sector is well fu nded and productive, why are prices of foodstuffs on the increase? The unemployment rate has gone up drastically because many industries are closing down while some are relocating to our neighbouring countries due to lack of regular supply of electrical energy. The Obasanjos regime in 1999, inherited 3,500 megawatts of electricity from the military, today it has reduced to a mere 2,500 megawatts for a population of 150 million people. The problems of industries and other organizations that consume large quantity of electricity are compounded as a result of the high toll of petroleum products such as petrol and diesel. These products are used to power generators which go forth alternative power for industries. As at the time Nigeria return to democracy in 1999, the prices of petroleum product were cheap. But before ex-president Olusegun Obasanjo, who also doubled as petroleum minister, left office in 2007, he had increased the prices of these products eleven times. A litre of keros ene that cost N9.00 in 1999, now sells for N125.00. Petrol that cost N11.00 at that time, now goes for N65.00 while diesel that cost N10.00 then now sells for N120 per litre.

Al Capone: The American Gangster

Al Capone The American GangsterAl Capone was an American gangster who conduct a crime syndicate dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging of liquor and other illegal activities during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s and 1930s. Capone began his railway career in Brooklyn a genius moving to Chicago and becoming the boss of the criminal organization get it onn as the Chicago Outfit although, his business card reportedly described him as a used furniture dealer. He was, and still is, the most recognized and influential Mafioso in American history. Both hated and loved by the public, he shared a common dislike with many people in American society at that time a strong disdain for the dryness movement.Alphonse Gabriel Al Capone was born on January 17, 1899 in the Brooklyn borough of New York City to Italian immigrants Gabriele and Teresina Capone. They landed in New York just in time for the Panic of 1893, which would stand the kingdoms economy for age. Gabriel who was a aptitudeed neaten and Teresina a seamstress, wisely chose Brooklyn as home in preference to the even greater squalor and density of mulberry tree Bend, Manhattans Lower East Side Italian colony non that the depression spared Brooklyn. Unemployment would before long idle one quarter of the boroughs work string, making it no time for the unskillight-emitting diode.1The Capones lived let out than most. Though Gabriel could not ply his trade at first, he avoided the drudgery and extreme low pay of manual labor be behave he boasted another skill that went with his trade he could read and write. In Italy, as well as in America, the illiterate expected their barber to read them any letters that came their way. Gabriels training earned him a blood line in a grocery store until he could gather enough of a stake to open his own barber shop a storefront in a tenement at 69 Park Avenue.2Little Al, as he was c solelyed, had started school at antic Jay, P.S. 7, at 141 York, near the Navy Yard. After the family had moved, he transferred to William A. Butler, P.S. 133, at 355 Butler Street seven blocks away from Garfield. Until he reached sixth grade, he maintained a B average. He devoted much time and energy to his favorite extracurricular activity, playing hooky. He attended class merely thirty-three years of the required ninety. A red-haze temper that would occasion bothy e reallyplacemaster him all his life exploded one day, and he make a teacher who was lecturing him. direct to the principals darkice, he got a whip crepuscleg and quit school in embarrassment. He was fourteen at the time, merely he was ready to quit anyway as it was practically a family tradition.3Al make a stab at an assortment of honest jobs clerk in a candy store and pin boy in a bowling alley. For a while he earned twenty-three dollars a week working in an ammunition factory. He also worked as cutter in a book bindery, following his older fellow Ralph, who had worked in the print shop of a newspa per. Apprenticeship for Al Capones lifes work, though, arose on the streets. The streets Capone traveled as a young boy was ruled by gangs, or much precisely kid gangs. Members of these kid gangs could not be called gangsters by todays standards they would barely qualify as delinquents. Excepting petty pilferage and occasional lunch-money extortion, few engaged in activity anyone would consider all overthrowright criminal.4Al was heavily influenced by gangster Johnny Torrio whom he considered to be his mentor. John Torrio was the thinking mans criminal. Torrio possess a bar on James Street at the corner of Water. He soon expanded, leasing a rooming house down the block which he filled with prostitutes and a nearby store he converted into a pool hall. Young Al could hardly realize avoided absorbing the lesson of or soone who had attained money and power without the drudgery that were typically weighed on others.5Al at long last joined the South Brooklyn Rippers, a junior gang that inducted kids as young as eleven. No reliably au whereforetic details about Als activities in his late boyhood and early teens have survived, but he evidently did not stand out or apart. Not many years subsequently, a former Brooklyn kid-gang member remembered him as more or lessthing of a nonentity, affable, soft of speech and even mediocre.6Al had caught the eye of someone who could exert the most portentous influence possible at that stage. It was Frankie Yale, six years older, who had ushered Al into the Forty Thieves Juniors gang. When Al entered his mid-teens, Yale welcomed him exclusively into the adult gang Five Points headed by Johnny Torrio. Membership in this Manhattan gang showcased his tough scrappiness. Capone learned all in that respect was to know about extortion and slugging and the rest on the banks of the Gowanus Canal, says William Balsamo, Brooklyn native and historian of New York crime. Yale was fashioning a complex of enterprises beyond the Harvard Inn a morgue racehorses prizefighters another nightspot, the Sunrise Cafe a line of cigars-all based finally on his main line, strong-arm terror.7Capones job as bartender and bouncer at Yales Harvard Inn demanded a certain finesse. The trick was to bounce without alienating, and only to do so after considered efforts to calm and subdue had failed. Ideally, the bounced would recognize themselves as out of line. Capone unite the mass to bounce authoritatively and the intelligence to do it with tact. Capone became Yales pupil, favored by invitations after a hard night at the Harvard Inn to sleep oer at Yales house. That happened frequently enough that Yales young ladys would show visitors Als room. Yale had the swagger of a young man, already boss yet still a comer. Inevitably, Capone viewed Yale as a model and a teacher.8One summer night in 1917 resulted in scarring consequences. Frank Galluccio Galluch, a merchant seaman, barbers assistant, and spear-carrier in the Genovese crime fami ly strutted into the Harvard Inn with his date, mare Tanzio, and his kid sister, Lena. The sight of Lena set Capones glands exploding. Every time his ravishs took him past her table he would try to chat with her Lena snubbed him. Her brother who was half drunk and did not know Capone assumed from his familiarity that Lena did. His kid sisters growing anger penetrated Galluccios alcoholic fog stating, You know that guy? Lena then respondedI never saw him before. Hes got a lotta nerve. He fashion give up, Frank. He cant take a hint. But I dont like him he is embarrassing me. Maybe you could ask him to please stop-in a prudish way.9Capone headed their way again and Galluccio was ready to take him aside like a gentleman Hey, mister, please do me favor, okay? Shes my kid sister, you know Before Galluccio could speak, Capone leaned oer to Lena, and whispered-loud enough to startle the party at the next table with heads swiveled in amazement-You got a nice ass, honey, and I mean it as a compliment. Believe me. Her brother sprang to his feet. The insult was bad enough the fact that strangers had plainly heard made it insupportable. I wont take that shit from nobody, Galluccio shouted. Apologize to my sister now, you hear? At a moment, Capones brain reasserted itself, perhaps kicked in by sister. Family meant everything, and its evocation put this customer unarguably in the right. With his most ingratiating and placating smile, Capone turned to Galluccio weaponry spread wide and palms up and open Hey, whatsa subject, pal, a little misunderstanding, a joke, no offense This is no fucking joke, mister, cried Galluccio.10Galluccio stood five-foot-six and weighed under 150. Capone looked like a mount avalanching toward him. The Galluch knew he could be badly hurt unless he struck first and quickly, but his punch would never do the job. He clawed his knife from his air pocket and lunged as the streets had taught him. One slash started two inches in front of mid-ear, c urved four inches down the left cheek to just below the corner of Capones mouthpiece the other two each measured two and a half inches, one on the left jaw, and the other on the neck under the left ear. Galluccio grabbed his sister and date and ran out the door. Someone rushed Capone to the Coney Island Hospital where doctors applied thirty stitches to his face.11Soon Galluccio heard that Frankie Yale had been asking around for him. Galluccio appealed to Joseph Masseria, overlord of all New York for justice. Joe the Boss decreed a sit-down at the Harvard Inn where they agreed that Capone had indeed been wrong and would not be allowed to seek vengeance, while Galluccio had to justify for his disproportionate reaction-which he readily did, contrite at sight of how he had disfigured Capone. Capone also recognized the justice of the settlement and the dishonor of his scars. He later put out the story that the scars had happened to him in service with the Lost Battalion of World War I . In fact, he had never been called up in the draft. This leading light scarring had given him the infamous nickname Scarface.12In 1918 Capone met an Irish girl at a dance and fell in love. She was pretty, slim and tall with a round piquant face and large eyes framed by a helmet of blond hair. Baptized Mary, she would be known all her life as Mae, daughter of Michael Coughlin, a construction worker, and the former Bridget Gorman. On December 4, 1918, Mae gave birth. Eighteen days later, Maes sister, Kathleen, and James DeVico, an otherwise obscure friend of Capones, became godparents to Albert Francis Capone, also known as Sonny. Mae had some two years on Capone, perhaps an embarrassment to them because each fudged a year of age on their marriage registration. Capone appears in the church records as Albert, maybe a mistake, or maybe a typical bit of criminal obfuscation.13Members of the Anti-Saloon League, founded 1893 in Oberlin, Ohio, sincerely believed everyone would be better off without alcohol. They looked forward, one historian has observed, to a world freefrom hope and crime and sin, a sort of millennial Kansas. Their campaign, which quickly enveloped the nation, combined such animating idealism with the most brutal brass-knuckles regime the league terrorized sex act. In the words of a popular song of the eraWhat Have They Got on You, Mr. Congressman? Weve heard just how those drys, Keep cases on you Congress guys. One wrong vote and reports would wing back home broadcasted by the leagues fifty thousand field workers.14Americas April 6, 1917, entry into the war sanctified the dry cause as patriotism even for the doubting majority. The liquor trade gobbled up enough grain for eleven million loaves of bread a day. The league insisted intoxicated workers could not turn out war materiel any more than drunk soldiers could shoot straight. Caving in to these pressures, Congress passed a resolution calling for a prohibition amendment to the Constitution and sent it to the state legislatures for ratification in December 1917. On January 16, 1919, Nebraska provided the necessary three-fourths majority by becoming the ordinal state to approve the resolution. The Eighteenth Amendment would become law in one year.15Meanwhile, the league rammed wartime Prohibition through Congress. Until the Eighteenth Amendment kicked in at midnight on Friday, January 16, 1920, the interim law forbade anyone in the United States to make, sell or transport-without a permit-any beverage containing more than one half of 1 percent alcohol. The ban-both eonian and interim-cunningly did not complicate owning, drinking or buying liquor. The league had been careful not to offend voters or members of Congress many were notoriously wet in habits no matter how dry they voted.16Capone was a suspect for two shoots in 1919 and was seeking a safe haven and a better job to provide for his new family. Capone relocated to Chicago to help out his Five Points gang men tor Johnny Torrio. Torrio had gone to Chicago to resolve some family problems his cousins husband was having with the Black Hand. Torrino had also been summoned there to help out his uncle, Big Jim Colosimo, the citys leading whoremaster to run his empire. By the time Capone arrived, Torrio was in dispute with Big Jim. Seeing the major financial opportunities that came with Prohibition, Torrio valued Colosimo to shift his organizations main thrust to bootlegging Big Jim was not interested. He had become rich and fat in the whoring trade and saw no invite to expand. He forbade Torrio to get into the new racket. Torrio realized that Colosimo had to be eradicated so that he could use Big Jims organization for his criminal plans. Together he and Capone planned Colosimos murder and sent Frankie Yale and his men from New York to carry out the job. Capone and Torrio meantime would act out airtight alibis17.One of Capones duties was to buy trucks for Torrios operation-which those in it ca lled the outfit-especially after Capone took over. Members used it nonchalantly when talking among themselves about their group-I joined the outfit two years ago-as they would say Im with Capone, when talking about their affiliation to an outsider. Many in the outfit were involved in transporting beer. For most of them, being part of a gang meant little more than being a truck driver that was the entry-level job for most. Possible promotion led to muscle and racketeering work. But Torrio relied on few to buy new and used trucks one was Capone. By mid-1922 Capone already ranked as Torrios number two.18The option of reform mayor William Emmet Dever led to Chicagos city government putting more strain on the gangster agenda within city limits. Devers biographer called him a dripping Wet who enforced Prohibition. He would tell a meeting of beer-guzzling Germans, I have never pretended to be, and am not now a Prohibitionist. But he would have law and order stating, He would enforce the l aw to the limit. Within a month, authorities were raiding places citywide with, wrote a reporter, unabated enthusiasm, arresting five hundred in one sweep, 450 in another. Within six months his men had closed over four thousand blatant saloons and some five hundred soda parlors-notoriously fronts for selling beers. A significant amount of license revocations were set forth.19To put its headquarters outside of city jurisdiction and compose a safe zone for its operations, the Capone organization muscled its way into Cicero, Illinois. This led to one of Capones greatest triumphs the takeover of Ciceros town government in 1924. Capone made it clear that he wanted an all-out conquest of the town. He installed his older brother Frank (Salvatore) as the front man with the Cicero city government. Ralph was tasked with opening up a labor brothel called the Stockade for Ciceros heavily blue-collar population. Al focused on gambling and took an interest in a new gambling joint called the Shi p. He also took control of the Hawthorne Race Track.20For the most part, the Capone conquest of Cicero was unopposed, with the exception of Robert St. John, the crusading young journalist at the Cicero Tribune. Every issue contained an expose on the Capone rackets in the city. The editorials were impelling enough to threaten Capone-backed candidates in the 1924 primary election. On election day things got ugly as Capones forces kidnapped opponents election workers and threatened voters with force-out. As reports of the violence spread, the Chicago read/write head of police rounded up seventy nine cops and provided them with shotguns. The cops, dressed in plain clothes, rode in unmarked cars to Cicero under the guise of protecting workers at the westbound Electric plant there. Frank Capone, who had just finished negotiating a lease, was walking down the street when the convoy of Chicago policemen approached him. Someone recognized him and the cars emptied out in front of him. In seconds, Franks body was riddled with bullets. Technically, the police called itself defense, since Frank, seeing the police coming at him with guns drawn, had revealed his own revolver.21Al was enraged and escalated the violence by kidnapping officials and stealing ballot boxes. One official was murdered. When it was all over, Capone had won his victory for Cicero. Capones temper stayed under control for about five weeks. But then, Joe Howard, a small-time thug, assaulted Capones friend Jack Guzik when he turned him down for a loan. Guzik told Capone and tracked Howard down in a bar. Howard had the poor judgment to call Capone a dago pimp and Capone shot Howard dead.22 tour only twenty-five, Al Capone became a prominent figure in Chicagos organized crime. He wasnt the only one though. Dion OBanion owned a thriving florist shop, but was also one of the biggest names in the bootlegging business. Flamboyant but untrustworthy, OBanion became a thorn in Capones side. In one instance, OB anion killed a man outside of Capones Four Deuces gambling joint and the ensuing trial dragged Capone into unwanted attention. OBanion also set up Torrio to be arrested by the police. He had promised Torrio he would move to Colorado if Torrio agreed to buy OBanions Sieben Brewery. OBanion took the money and left while the police were waiting to raid the brewery. Torrio went to poky and OBanion kept the money. The Brewery was eventually shut down permanently.23OBanion met his end while preparing a floral arrangement in his shop on November 10, 1924. He was a consummate hand shaker and on that day three known gangsters came in the shop. Thinking they were there to pick up flowers for the funeral of another prominent gangster, he went to shake their hands. One of them pulled OBanion off balance and six shots rang out. While there was a great deal of speculation concerning the triggermen, no one ever went to trial over the murder. It did leave OBanions territory wide open for Capone t o move in, but also made powerful enemies of OBanions friends. These friends included Hymie Weiss and Bugs Moran.24Over the next two years, Moran and Weiss would fail in over a dozen assassination attempts against Capone. On January 24, 1925, Torrio was returning to his apartment at 7106 South Clyde Avenue from a shopping trip with his wife Anna. Walking from his car towards his apartment building, Weiss and Moran opened fire. They shot Torrio in the chest, neck, right arm and groin, but miraculously the elderly man survived. The true miracle came about when one of the men-reportedly Moran-held his gun to Torrios head and pulled the trigger only to hear the click of an empty firing chamber. This incident made Torrio consider quitting the game. After recovering, Torrio pleaded guilty and was sentenced to nine months in jail for the Sieben Brewery raid. During his jail sentence Torrio informed Capone he was planning on leaving Chicago and turning his vast empire over to Al stating, It s all yours Al. Me? Im quittin. Its Europe for me. Torrio then moved to Italy with his mother and wife.25Shortly after he took over Johnny Torrios empire, it was clear that his new status had changed Al Capone. He was a major force now in the Chicago underworld. To underscore his rise in the world, he moved his headquarters to the Metropole Hotel. His luxurious suite of five rooms cost $1,500 per day. He went from near obscurity to cultivated visibility. Capone became visible at the opera, at sporting events and charitable functions. He was an important member of the community friendly, generous, successful, supplying a meeting of thirsty customers. In an era where most of the adult population drank bootleg alcohol, the bootlegger seemed almost respectable.26In the spring of 1926, Capones run of good luck hit a snag. On April 27, Billy McSwiggin, known as the young hanging prosecutor who had tried to pin the 1924 death of Joe Howard on Capone, met with an accident. A bootlegger nam ed Jim Doherty picked McSwiggin up by car at his fathers house. Dohertys car broke down and they hitched a ride with bootlegger Klondike ODonnell, a bitter enemy of Capone. The four Irish lads went on a drinking binge in Cicero with ODonnell and his brother Myles and ended up at a bar close to the Hawthorne Inn where Capone was having dinner. ODonnells cruising around in Cicero was a territorial insult.27Capone and his henchmen, not realizing that McSwiggin was in the bar with Myles ODonnell, waited outside in a convoy of cars until the drunken men staggered out. Then out came the machine guns and McSwiggin and Doherty were dead Capone was like a shot blamed. Despite the blot on McSwiggins integrity for keeping company with bootleggers, sympathy was with the dead young prosecutor. There was a big outcry against gangster violence and public sentiment went against Capone. While everyone in Chicago knew that Al Capone was responsible, there was not a shred of proof and the failure of this high-profile investigation to return an bill of indictment was an embarrassment to local officials. Police took out their frustrations on Capones whorehouses and speakeasies which endured a series of raids and fires.28Capone went into hiding for three months. Reputedly some 300 detectives looked for him all over the country in Canada and even Italy. He initially found refuge in the home of a friend in Chicago Heights and then, for most of the time, with friends in Lansing, Michigan. Those three months in hiding made an indelible mark on Al. He began to see himself as much more than a successful racketeer. He believed he was a source of pride to the Italian immigrant community a generous benefactor and important fixer who could help people. His bootlegging operations apply thousands of people, many of whom were poor Italian immigrants. While much of this was just his ego getting larger, Capone had real leadership abilities and was very capable of extending those talents into a reas that were beneficial to the community. He naughtily thought of retiring from his life of crime and violence.29On July 28, 1926, he returned to Chicago to face the accusations of murder. It turned out to be the right decision because the authorities did not have sufficient evidence to bring him to trial. For all the public uproar and efforts of the law enforcement groups, Al Capone was a free man. The people of Chicago were tired of indication about gang violence and the newspapers fanned their anger. Capone held a highly publicized peace conference in which he appealed to the other bootleggers assembled there to tone down the violence. He made his point stating, There is enough business for all of us without killing each other like animals in the streets. I dont want to die in the street punctured by machine-gun fire. At the end of the meeting, an amnesty had been negotiated which accomplished two key things first, there would be no more murders or beatings and second, past m urders would not be avenged. For more than two months thereafter, nobody connected with the bootlegging business was killed.30In May of 1927, the Supreme Court made a decision that Manny Sullivan, a bootlegger, had to report and pay income tax on his illegal bootlegging business. Just because reporting and paying tax on illegally-derived revenues was self-incrimination, it was not unconstitutional. With the Sullivan ruling, the small Special Intelligence Unit of the IRS under Elmer Irey was able to go after Al Capone.31Unaware and uninterested in Manny Sullivan or Elmer Irey, Capone became more obsessionally extroverted and expansive. He indulged heavily in his two big passions music and boxing. He became close pals with boxermJack Dempsey, but given the concern over fixed fights, the familiarity had to be very discreet. Always an opera lover, Capone expanded his patronage to the jazz world. With the opening of the Cotton Club in Cicero, Al became a jazz impresario, attracting and cultivating some of the best black jazz musicians of the day. Unlike so many other Italian gangsters, Al did not seem to have the deep-seated racial blemish and he gained the trust and respect of many of his musicians. Al extended his generosity and personal concerns to everybody who worked for him, black or white.Al spoke to reportersPublic service is my motto. xc percent of the people in Chicago drink and gamble. Ive tried to serve them decent liquor and square games. But Im not appreciated. Im known all over the world as a millionaire gorilla.32Capone biographer Laurence Bergreen described the way Capone inserted himself into the lives of those he knewHe came to dominate them not by shouting, overwhelming, or bullying, although the threat of physical violence endlessly loomed, but by appealing to the inner man, his wants, his aspirationsby making them feel valued, they gave unstintingly of their loyalty, and loyalty was what Capone needed and demanded in the volatile circles through which he moved it was the only protection he had from sudden death. The highest compliment other men could pay Capone was to call him a friend, which meant they were willing to overlook his scandalous reputation, that he had never been a pimp or a murderer.33The exposure was becoming a real nuisance. When he left for a trip to the West Coast, he had police skirt him at every station. Los Angeles toughest detective said We have no room here for Capone or any other visiting gangsters whether they are here on pleasure tours or not. When Capone came back from the West Coast he found himself surrounded by six Joliet policemen with their shotguns aimed at him. Capone stated, Well, Ill be damned. Youd think I was Jesse James. Whats the artillery for? In Chicago, the police made things as uncomfortable as possible by surrounding his house and arresting him at the slightest provocation.34Capone left for Miami where the stand was much better than the Chicago winter, but the receptio n by the local community was chilly. He, Mae, and Sonny rented a house for the season and started to look for a permanent residence. Over the coming months he would invest a small fortune in redecorating his new palace in Miami, securing it like a small fortress with concrete walls and heavy wooden doors.35The Palm Island estate came to the attention of IRS Intelligence Unit watchdog Elmer Irey. He chose Frank J. Wilson to head up the job of documenting Capones income and spending. The job was monumental despite Capones lavish spending everything was transacted through third parties. Although Capone had incredible wealth, every transaction was on a cash basis. The major exception was the very tangible assets of the Palm Island estate, which was evidence of a major source of income.36George Emmerson Q. Johnson, a member of the Scandinavian old boys network in the Midwest, was appointed U.S. attorney for Chicago. Johnson targeted Capone with unchecked passion. In the spring of 1928, the violence preceding the April primary election began to escalate out of control. It was not clear who was orchestrating all of this violence, but this time the targets were not gangsters, but U.S. Senator Charles Deneen, a reformer and a judge. The unabashedly corrupt Mayor Bill Thompson was presumed responsible since the victims were people who opposed him, but Al Capone who was still in Florida, was the scapegoat.While Mae Capone spent the spring of 1928 on an extravagant decorating spree Al dedicated himself to establishing himself as a legitimate citizen of Miami. In spite of the outward show of respectability, Al quietly made plans to solve pressing problems caused by his old boss Frankie Yale. The liquor supply deal that Capone and Yale had negotiated was experiencing too many